Patients who underwent curative surgery for esophageal cancer

Complications related to fluid imbalance and portal hypertension, such as ascites, pleural effusion, and chyle leak; complications associated with impaired renal or hematologic function, including acute kidney injury, bleeding, and graft failure; and complications reflecting immune dysfunction and infection susceptibility, including pneumonia and empyema. Complications associated with impaired tissue healing, such as anastomotic leakage, were also analyzed. Liver failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome were considered separately. All complications were defined according to the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group, and their severity was assessed according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.

Interval from the date of surgery to death or censoring