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Brief Summary:
This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effect of WhatsApp-based education and counseling on breastfeeding self-efficacy, body satisfaction, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and weight retention in postpartum women. The study was conducted between January and March 2025 at four Family Health Centers in Siirt, Turkey. A total of 120 postpartum women were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received an 11-week WhatsApp-based education program, including short videos and counseling sessions prepared under the guidance of the Health Promotion Model. Data were collected at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months using validated instruments: the Postnatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale, the Body Satisfaction Scale, and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. The primary outcomes were breastfeeding self-efficacy and body satisfaction, while secondary outcomes included healthy lifestyle behaviors and postpartum weight retention. The findings are expected to provide evidence for the effectiveness of mobile health interventions in improving maternal health outcomes during the postpartum period.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental: WhatsApp-based Education and Counseling | Experimental | Participants receive an 8-week WhatsApp-based education and counseling program in addition to routine postpartum care. The intervention includes short educational videos, weekly messages, and feedback provided through WhatsApp. Content covers breastfeeding techniques, recognition of infant hunger cues, milk expression and storage, management of common breastfeeding problems, healthy nutrition, body satisfaction, and postpartum weight management. |
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| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants receive routine postpartum care provided by Family Health Centers. They do not receive any structured WhatsApp-based education or counseling. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| education | Behavioral | WhatsApp-based training was provided |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, | The Postnatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale will be used to assess mothers' confidence and self-efficacy in breastfeeding practices. Changes in mean scores between groups and over time will be evaluated. | Baseline, 3 months postpartum, 6 months postpartum |
| Body Satisfaction | The Body Satisfaction Scale will be used to measure mothers' satisfaction with their body image during the postpartum period. Changes in scores across intervention and control groups will be compared. | Baseline, 3 months postpartum, 6 months postpartum |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors | Health-promoting lifestyle behaviors will be measured using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II). Total and subscale scores (nutrition, physical activity, stress management, interpersonal relations, health responsibility, and spiritual growth) will be analyzed. | Baseline, 3 months postpartum, 6 months postpartum |
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Inclusion Criteria:
• Women in the postpartum period (within the first week after delivery)
Exclusion Criteria:
Women with medical complications that prevent breastfeeding (e.g., serious maternal illness, contraindications to breastfeeding)
Only postpartum women are eligible to participate in this study.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ): Inonu University, Faculty of Health Sciences | Siirt | Siirt | 56100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Related Info | View source |
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The individual participant data will not be shared. Only aggregated results will be published in scientific journals.
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Participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups in a parallel design.
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| Postpartum Weight Retention | Postpartum weight retention will be calculated by subtracting the pre-pregnancy weight from the mother's postpartum weight at each measurement time. Changes will be compared between intervention and control groups. | Baseline, 3 months postpartum, 6 months postpartum |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001942 | Breast Feeding |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001836 | Body Weight Changes |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004522 | Educational Status |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012959 | Socioeconomic Factors |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |
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