Butorphanol for Pain Relief After Cesarean Section: A Retrospective Study

The Application of Butorphanol in Postoperative Analgesia Management After Cesarean Section: A Retrospective Cohort Study

This study explored the association between postoperative functional recovery and the formula of analgesic pumps as well as other related factors (such as age, intraoperative blood loss, operation duration, etc.) by retrospectively analyzing the clinical data of patients undergoing cesarean section in the main campus and branches of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from September 2024 to June 2025. The value of this study lies in: 1) providing a basis for optimizing the postoperative analgesia plan after cesarean section. 2) To provide references for the formulation of personalized analgesia strategies in clinical practice, improve the postoperative recovery quality of patients, promote the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery, and reduce the medical burden.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18-55 years
2. ASAI-III level
3. Scheduled or emergency cesarean section
4. Postoperative use of analgesic pump (formulation includes buprenorphine or tramadol or hydromorphone, etc.)
5. Complete electronic medical records

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Postoperative analgesia pump usage time is less than 24 hours
2. Missing key information such as follow-up status in medical records