The primary objective of the study is to determine the frequency of transmission of viruses carrying at least one antiretroviral resistance mutation in all participants newly diagnosed with HIV-1

This is a national, multicenter, cross-sectional study with both retrospective and prospective data collection :

Retrospective phase (2019-2024): Data will be collected from all participants diagnosed at the time of primary HIV-1 infection during these six years.

Prospective phase (2025-2035): Data will be collected from all participants newly diagnosed with HIV-1, regardless of whether they are at the stage of primary infection.

The study will be offered to all virology laboratories that participated in the last quality control of genotyping of the resistance group of the ANRS MIE virology laboratory network.

For ten years, the virology laboratories that participated in the last quality control of HIV resistance genotyping of the ANRS MIE Virology network will be asked to systematically include all patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The virology laboratories must send the list of eligible patients to the associated clinical centers, according to their usual data transfer procedure, so that they can inform the participants and obtain their consent. An information form will then be distributed to the participant.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participant (male or female) aged 18 years or older ;
• Participant newly diagnosed in the laboratory, for whom mandatory HIV seropositivity reporting to Santé Publique France (SPF) is required ;
• Participant naïve to all antiretroviral treatments (except PrEP and/or post-exposure prophylaxis [PEP]) ;
• Participant with an available HIV resistance genotype, including amplification of at least reverse transcriptase and protease ;
• Participant who has not objected to participating in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participant who objects to the use of their data ;
• Participant currently on antiretroviral treatment ;
• Participant subject to legal protection measures (safeguard of justice).

The study population includes adult participants (male or female) aged 18 years or older, newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in participating laboratories where mandatory reporting to Santé Publique France (SPF) is required. Participants must be antiretroviral treatment-naïve (except for PrEP or PEP) and have an available HIV resistance genotype including amplification of at least reverse transcriptase and protease. Participants who have not objected to participation in the study are eligible. Excluded are participants currently on antiretroviral treatment, those who object to the use of their data, and individuals under legal protection measures (safeguard of justice)