Appetite Response to Meals With Different Protein Sources in Women With PCOS

Comparative Meal Response to Plant vs. Animal Protein in Women With PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and reproductive dysfunction. Dietary strategies that improve postprandial insulin and glucose responses are central to managing metabolic symptoms in PCOS.

Meals higher in protein can attenuate postprandial glycemia and enhance satiety, but the effects may vary by protein source. Animal sources of protein typically have higher essential amino acid content and insulinogenic potential, whereas plant proteins offer fiber and phytochemicals that may influence glycemic dynamics differently. Few studies have directly compared the acute metabolic effects of plant versus animal protein in women with PCOS. Given the distinct pathophysiology of PCOS, extrapolating findings from healthy populations may be misleading.

Understanding protein-specific effects on postprandial insulin, glucose, and appetite-regulating hormones in this group is essential for targeted nutrition guidance. Additionally, plant-based diets are increasingly promoted for cardiometabolic health, but their acute effects in insulin-resistant women remain underexplored. This study will assess whether plant and animal protein meals elicit differential postprandial responses in women with PCOS. Findings may inform dietary recommendations aimed at improving metabolic outcomes in this high-risk population.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Females ages 18-50 years
• Confirmed diagnosis of PCOS
• Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 35 kg/m2
• Stable body weight for at least 3 months (+ 5 pounds)
• Willingness to consume both plant- and animal-based protein meals

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smoking or use of nicotine products
• Smoking or use of marijuana products
• Food allergies or dietary restrictions incompatible with test meals
• Diagnosed diabetes (type 1 or 2)
• Use of medications that interfere with study outcomes (e.g., metformin, GLP-1 agonists, etc.)