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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R01HL173600 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) | NIH |
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While single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) has been the preferred management strategy for Step 3 and 4 (moderate/severe) asthma management since the 2020 NIH asthma guideline updates, adoption of SMART has not been rigorously assessed. This study will test population health management (PHM; asthma community health worker, asthma nurse care manager) implementation strategies building on electronic medical record clinical decision support and education implementation strategies (CDS+), to increase adoption of SMART. This is the second of two related records.
Asthma is a leading cause of childhood morbidity nationwide. Limited provider adoption of and patient adherence to the prevailing evidence-based recommendations for chronic management represent tractable areas for care improvement and implementation focus. In their 2020 Focused Updates, the NHLBI codified a new paradigm of asthma management - single maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) - as the preferred management strategy for Steps 3 and 4 (moderate/severe) asthma management. In addition to its efficacy and safety, SMART has demonstrated real-world effectiveness in international settings, likely due in part to better adherence to daily therapy and less inhaler confusion. However, SMART has not been widely implemented in practice in the U.S. This hybrid type II implementation-effectiveness study will sequentially compare the effects of usual care to (1) electronic health record-based clinical decision support plus education (CDS+) (Study 1) and then (2) CDS+ with population health management (PHM) strategies (community health worker and nurse care manager) on SMART adoption (Study 2 - current study). Randomization for this study is at the clinic-level. Results will be reported at visit-, patient-, and clinic-levels.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Experimental | Clinics in Arm 1 will receive the interventions in Intervals 1 and 2. Interval 1 intervention: clinical decision support and education (CDS+). Interval 2 interventions: CDS and education (CDS+) and population health management (community health worker and nurse care manager) (PHM). |
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| Control | Active Comparator | Clinics in Arm 2 will not be exposed to the interventions. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical decision support + education (CDS+) and population health management (PHM) | Behavioral | In Interval 1, intervention clinic providers will experience nudges in the electronic medical record to encourage prescribing SMART where clinically-appropriate and intervention clinic providers, families/patients, and nurses will receive education (collectively CDS+). In Interval 2, intervention clinics will have CDS+ and population health management (PHM) strategies, including an asthma community health worker and an asthma nurse care manager. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the Rate of Visit-Level SMART Adoption | The difference in the rate of SMART prescribing (initiation) among eligible primary care visits (i.e., when a child is eligible to start SMART) where SMART is first prescribed (initiated) comparing the second intervention period (Interval 2) and the first intervention period (Interval 1). Adoption is visit-level. The denominator represents eligible primary care visits, and the numerator represents visits where SMART is first prescribed (initiated). | Assessment of rates from two study intervals: Interval 1 (CDS+; 11 months), Interval 2 (CDS+ and PHM; 11 months). There will be a one month ramp up period at the start of each study interval (ramp up period data will not be included in analyses). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the Proportion of Patient-Level SMART Sustainment | The difference in the proportion of patients who are prescribed (initiated) SMART who continue on SMART for at least 6 months comparing the second intervention period (Interval 2) and the first intervention period (Interval 1). Sustainment is patient-level. The denominator represents patients who are prescribed (initiated) SMART, and the numerator represents patients who continue on SMART for at least 6 months. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the Proportion of Clinic-Level SMART Penetration | The difference in the clinic-level proportion of SMART-eligible patients who are prescribed (initiated) and not subsequently discontinued from SMART by the end of the interval comparing the second intervention period (Interval 2) and the first intervention period (Interval 1). Penetration is clinic-level. The denominator represents patients who are SMART-eligible in each interval, and the numerator represents patients who are prescribed (initiated) during the interval and still on SMART at the end of the interval. |
Clinic Inclusion Criteria:
Clinic Exclusion Criteria:
- The clinic is not willing to participate in SMART & SIMPLE study interventions.
Patient Inclusion Criteria:
Patient Exclusion Criteria:
- Transferred clinics or left the CHOP Pediatric Care Network.
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chén Kenyon, MD, MSHP | Contact | 267-426-6339 | kenyonc@chop.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children's Hospital of Philadelphia | Recruiting | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004522 | Educational Status |
| D016250 | Compact Disks |
| D000076602 | Population Health Management |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012959 | Socioeconomic Factors |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |
| D014742 | Videodisc Recording |
| D016249 | Optical Storage Devices |
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This study will use a cluster randomized control trial (RCT) study design to test the impact of the clinical decision support and education (CDS+) and the added population health management (PHM) strategies to increase adoption of SMART therapy.
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| Control | Other | Clinics in Arm 2 will not be exposed to the interventions. |
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| Assessment of proportions from two study intervals: Interval 1 (CDS+; 11 months), Interval 2 (CDS+ and PHM; 11 months). There will be a one month ramp up period at the start of each study interval (ramp up period data will not be included in analyses). |
| Assessment of proportions from two study intervals: Interval 1 (CDS+; 11 months), Interval 2 (CDS+ and PHM; 11 months). There will be a one month ramp up period at the start of each study interval (ramp up period data will not be included in analyses). |
| D001296 | Audiovisual Aids |
| D018961 | Educational Technology |
| D013672 | Technology |
| D013676 | Technology, Industry, and Agriculture |
| D013690 | Television |
| D003695 | Delivery of Health Care |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |