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According to the literature age and gender may be associated with differences in skeletal size, anatomy and architecture in humans. However, little is known about the synergistic effects of age and gender on the healing capacity of maxillary bones, since most of the preclinical studies are focused on each variable separately. The present study radiologically evaluated various parameters such as alveolar crest height and width, buccal bone thickness, degree of buccal undercut, and root-crest angle using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a large patient population, and compared these parameters across different age and gender groups to analyze the effect of aging and gender on the bone morphology in the anterior maxillary region.
Aim: The aim of this present study was to radiologically evaluate the socket morphology that may have a clinical impact on the outcomes of immediate implant placement in the anterior maxilla, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a large patient population. Moreover, the parameters were compared between different age and gender groups to analyze the effect of aging and gender on the bone morphology around the maxillary anterior teeth.
Material and Methods: This study evaluated a total of 1,668 teeth in the esthetic region, including bilateral central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines in the upper anterior region, using CBCT images from 278 individuals. CBCT images were grouped into age ranges of 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70-80 years. The morphology of the anterior ridge was assessed by separately measuring alveolar ridge width and height, buccal bone thickness, tooth-crest angle, and buccal undercut for maxillary central incisors.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20-29 age group | In this age group bilateral central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines in the upper anterior region were examined |
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| 30-39 age group | In this age group bilateral central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines in the upper anterior region were examined |
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| 40-49 age group | In this age group bilateral central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines in the upper anterior region were examined |
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| 50-59 age group | In this age group bilateral central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines in the upper anterior region were examined |
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| 60-69 age group | In this age group bilateral central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines in the upper anterior region were examined |
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| 70-80 age group |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| radiological evaluation | Other | Using a line drawn through the midpoints of the teeth, parallel to their long axes, the anterior crest morphology was assessed. For maxillary central, lateral, and canine teeth, alveolar crest width and height, buccal bone thickness, and tooth-crest angle were measured separately. To determine buccal bone thickness, measurements were taken from the buccal crest apex, the midpoint of the root, and the apex of the tooth. The height of the alveolar crest was defined as the length of a line drawn parallel to the crest's long axis between the nasal fossa floor and the alveolar crest. The width of the alveolar crest was calculated by averaging measurements taken from the midpoints of three equal sections of the alveolar crest. The buccal undercut was determined as the point where the crest came closest to the root in the sagittal plane. Additionally, the angle between the tooth roots and the alveolar crest was measured to determine the root position in the radial plane |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Alveolar Crest Height | The height of the alveolar crest was defined as the length of a line drawn parallel to the crest's long axis between the nasal fossa floor and the alveolar crest. | One year |
| Alveolar Crest Width | The width of the alveolar crest was calculated by averaging measurements taken from the midpoints of three equal sections of the alveolar crest. | One year |
| Buccal Bone Thickness | To determine buccal bone thickness, measurements were taken from the buccal crest apex, the midpoint of the root, and the apex of the tooth. | One year |
| Buccal Undercut Depth | The buccal undercut was determined as the point where the crest came closest to the root in the sagittal plane. | One year |
| Root Position | the angle between the tooth roots and the alveolar crest was measured to determine the root position in the radial plane | One year |
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Inclusion Criteria:
-Between January 2015 and January 2024, undergoing CBCT imaging at the Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
Exclusion Criteria:
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Cone-beam coemputed tomography (CBCT) images of individuals, obtained for various diagnostic purposes at the Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Clinic between January 2015 and January 2024
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Duygu Kilic | TC Erciyes University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Periodontology | Kayseri | Kayseri̇ | 38000 | Turkey (Türkiye) | ||
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 1, 2025 | Aug 18, 2025 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D063173 | Retrognathia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007569 | Jaw Abnormalities |
| D007571 | Jaw Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D019767 | Maxillofacial Abnormalities |
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In this age group bilateral central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines in the upper anterior region were examined
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| Erciyes University |
| Kayseri |
| Melikgazi |
| 38000 |
| Turkey (Türkiye) |
| D019465 |
| Craniofacial Abnormalities |
| D009139 | Musculoskeletal Abnormalities |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D008336 | Mandibular Diseases |
| D018640 | Stomatognathic System Abnormalities |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |