The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the soft and hard tissue changes of immediate implant placement with buccal bone augmentation in sites with thin labial bone wall in the anterior maxillary zone.

The objective of this prospective controlled clinical trial is to compare the esthetic and radiographic outcomes following immediate implant placement with thin or dehiscences buccal plate using bone augmentation in combination with an absorbable collagen membrane. Subjects in need of one implant replacing tooth to be removed in the maxilla within region 13-23 are included. At least 15 patients are recruited. No implant-supported temporary restorations are used during the first 4 months. After a screw-retained provisional phase of 2 months, a final impression is taken at implant level and take-in definitive crown. Patients are recalled for oral hygiene maintenance and prosthetic controls every 6 months for the entire duration of the study.

The inclusion criteria were as follows:

1. 18 to 70-year-old;
2. Stable periodontal and systemic health (American Society of Anesthesiologists classification I or II);
3. Single maxillary anterior teeth (canine to canine);
4. Bone thickness less than 1mm at 4mm apical to cementum-enamel junction (CEJ-4)；
5. Presence of adjacent nature tooth;
6. Good compliance;
7. No palatal vertical bone loss;
8. Good oral hygiene.

Exclusion criteria are as follow:

1. Uncontrolled periodontal or systemic disease;
2. General psychiatric contraindications;
3. More than 20 cigarettes per day;
4. History of head and neck radiotherapy；
5. Pregnant or expecting to be pregnant;
6. Patients with local or generalized healing limitations;
7. Bruxism or other destructive parafunctional habits;
8. Drug abuse or alcohol abuse.