dyspnea and impaired exercise capacity in IPF patients can be related, at least in part, to respiratory muscle dysfunction, in particular to diaphragm functionality. Both B-mode and M-mode ultrasound techniques have been employed to assess diaphragm excursion, which measures the distance that the diaphragm is able to move during the respiratory cycle.

recent study using lung ultrasound in assessment of diaphragmatic mobility in IPF patients and found that Diaphragmatic mobility is lower in IPF patients than in healthy controls, especially during deep inspiration. The correlation between reduced FVC and diaphragmatic excursion values in IPF patients can be of interest, since it could represent an index of functional respiratory affection performed by chest ultrasound

Interstitial lung diseases are known to be associated with limitations in daily activities and impaired quality of life. One of the most troublesome burdens for ILD patients is dyspnea during exercise, which extends to the resting state as the disease advances. The causes of dyspnea are suggested to be a progressive decline in total lung capacity (TLC) and vital capacity, along with impairment of diffusion capacity and subsequent development of (primarily hypoxic) respiratory failure along with respiratory muscle dysfunction.

Studies have supported the advantage of ultrasonography in the assessment of diaphragmatic mobility by two-dimensional (BD) or M-mode. Others reported the investigation methods, the criteria for normal and pathological diaphragmatic function, and the perspectives of development in adult patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients presented to Ain Shams University Hospital outpatient clinic by ILD due to any cause

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant females
• Patients with end stage organ failure e.g.: Renal failure, liver cell failure
• Patients with malignancy elsewhere.
• The patients who refuse to be entitled in the study.

Patients presented to Ain Shams University Hospital's chest outpatient clinic by ILD due to any cause with age more than 18 years

no IPD will be shared