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This randomized controlled trial aims to examine the effects of foot massage combined with cold application on postoperative pain, patient satisfaction, and analgesic consumption in individuals undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). The study will be conducted in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of Çukurova University Balcalı Hospital, which includes an 18-bed orthopedic unit.
Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group.
Data will be collected using the Patient Information Form, the Short Form of the Brief Pain Inventory, the Numeric Rating Scale, and the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale. Statistical analyses will be conducted using SPSS, and findings will be interpreted at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05).
Ethical approval has been granted by the Çukurova University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee. Institutional permission will be obtained prior to data collection. Participation will be voluntary, and all data will be treated confidentially.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effect of Foot Massage and Cold Application on Postoperative Pain | Active Comparator | The cold application protocol will be initiated upon the patient's arrival at the clinic after surgery. Cold therapy will be applied for 20 minutes every two hours and will continue for 48 hours postoperatively. In addition to cold therapy, patients will receive foot massage performed according to a standard technique. The massage will include effleurage (stroking and gliding), petrissage (kneading), and friction maneuvers. Vaseline will be used during the massage to minimize skin friction and facilitate smooth hand movements. |
|
| Effect of Cold Application on Postoperative Pain | Active Comparator | The cold application protocol will be started from the moment the patient comes to the clinic after surgery. Cold application will be done for 20 minutes and every 2 hours. This application will be continued for the patient for 48 hours from the postoperative period. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foot Massage and Cold Application | Other | The patient will receive both cold application and foot massage after total knee arthroplasty. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric Rating Scale, | The patient is asked to choose the number that best reflects the pain intensity, 0=no pain, 10= equal to the worst (unbearable) pain. | One minute |
| Brief Pain | The inhibition of individuals' daily living activities due to pain experienced in the last 24 hours is similarly assessed using a numerical scale (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). | Five minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Newcastle Nursing Satisfaction Scale | The evaluation of all the items marked on the scale is converted to 100 after the pu moments are collected and made over 0-100 points. The fact that the total score is 100 indicates that all dimensions of nursing care are satisfied. | Ten minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Çukurova Üniversitesi | Adana | University | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020370 | Osteoarthritis, Knee |
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010003 | Osteoarthritis |
| D001168 | Arthritis |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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| Cold Application | Other | After total knee arthroplasty, the patient will receive routine cold application. |
|
| D012216 |
| Rheumatic Diseases |
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |