The aim of this study is to determine the effect of couples' participation in childbirth preparation education on pregnant women's perceived spousal support, fear of childbirth, and self-efficacy. Based on the scales used, it is expected that as pregnant women's fear of childbirth decreases, their perceived spousal support will increase.

H2: Couples' participation in childbirth preparation education has an effect on perceived spousal support.

The Spousal Support Scale (SSS), developed to assess the level of support between partners, consists of a total of 27 items. The scale is a 3-point Likert-type measurement tool, with items scored as "true for me" = 3, "partly true" = 2, and "not true for me" = 1. Items 10, 20, and 24 are reverse scored. The total score that can be obtained from the scale ranges between 27 and 81, with higher scores indicating higher levels of spousal support.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of couples' participation in childbirth preparation classes on pregnant women's fear of childbirth, perceived spousal support, and childbirth self-efficacy. According to the scales used, it is expected that as pregnant women's fear of childbirth decreases, their perceived spousal support and childbirth self-efficacy will increase.

H1: Couples' participation in childbirth preparation classes together with pregnant women has an effect on the pregnant women's fear of childbirth.

The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) is a 33-item scale. Responses are rated on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5, where 0 means "completely" and 5 means "not at all." The minimum possible score on the scale is 0 and the maximum is 165, with higher total scores indicating higher levels of fear. The W-DEQ is used to obtain a fear score related to childbirth.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of couples' participation in childbirth preparation education on pregnant women's perceived spousal support, fear of childbirth, and self-efficacy. Based on the scales used, it is expected that as pregnant women's fear of childbirth decreases, their childbirth self-efficacy will increase.

H3: Couples' participation in childbirth preparation classes has an effect on pregnant women's childbirth self-efficacy.

The scale was developed to measure women's self-efficacy regarding the childbirth process. It consists of 32 items and two sub-dimensions: efficacy expectancy and outcome expectancy. Scores from the subscales range between 16 and 160. Higher scores on the subscales indicate higher efficacy and outcome expectancy related to childbirth. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale is 0.90.