Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of a Health Belief Model- and Self-Efficacy Theory-based childbirth preparation education on fear of childbirth, childbirth self-efficacy, birth preferences, and childbirth preparation behaviors among nulliparous pregnant women.
Eligible nulliparous pregnant women between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive a structured childbirth preparation education program consisting of four sessions in addition to routine antenatal care, while the control group will receive routine antenatal care only. Data will be collected before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, during follow-up in late pregnancy, and after childbirth. The findings of this study may contribute to improving childbirth-related outcomes by reducing fear of childbirth and enhancing self-efficacy and preparedness for birth.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| arm1 | Experimental | Participants in this group will receive a structured childbirth preparation education program based on the Health Belief Model and Self-Efficacy Theory in addition to routine antenatal care. The program consists of four educational sessions focusing on fear of childbirth, benefits of vaginal birth, coping skills during labor, and childbirth preparation planning. |
|
| arm2 | Active Comparator | Participants in this group will receive routine antenatal care and standard pregnancy education services provided by the health institution without the structured study intervention. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Belief Model and Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Childbirth Preparation Education | Behavioral | A four-session structured educational program designed to reduce fear of childbirth and improve childbirth self-efficacy, birth preferences, and childbirth preparation behaviors among nulliparous pregnant women. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fear of Childbirth | Fear of childbirth will be assessed using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version A (W-DEQ A). Higher scores indicate higher levels of fear of childbirth. | Baseline (28-32 weeks' gestation), immediately after completion of the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention (36-37 weeks' gestation). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Childbirth Self-Efficacy | Childbirth self-efficacy will be assessed using the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory Short Form (CBSEI-C32). Higher scores indicate higher levels of childbirth self-efficacy. | Baseline (28-32 weeks' gestation), immediately after completion of the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention (36-37 weeks' gestation). |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Female Aged 18 years or older Nulliparous pregnancy Between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation Able to communicate in Turkish Willing to participate in the study and provide informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
High-risk pregnancy Diagnosis or treatment of a psychiatric disorder Any condition that may interfere with communication or participation in the educational sessions
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sibel akgül kartal | Contact | 05012405539 | sibelakgulkartal@yyu.edu.tr |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive a Health Belief Model- and Self-Efficacy Theory-based childbirth preparation education program in addition to routine antenatal care, while the control group will receive routine antenatal care only. The education program consists of four structured sessions. Participants will remain in their assigned groups throughout the study, and outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention, follow-up during late pregnancy, and postpartum.
Not provided
Not provided
Outcome assessment and statistical analyses will be performed using coded data. Group allocation will be concealed from the data analyst to minimize assessment bias.
|
| Routine Antenatal Care | Other | Participants will receive routine antenatal care and standard pregnancy education services provided by the health institution. No structured childbirth preparation education based on the Health Belief Model or Self-Efficacy Theory will be provided. |
|
| Birth Preference | Birth preference will be assessed using the Pregnant Women's Preferences for Mode of Delivery Questionnaire. Higher scores indicate a stronger preference for vaginal birth. | Baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention (36-37 weeks' gestation) |
| Childbirth Preparation Behaviors | Childbirth preparation behaviors will be assessed using the Childbirth Preparation Behavior Form developed by the researchers. The questionnaire evaluates the extent to which pregnant women engage in behaviors to prepare for childbirth. Higher scores indicate better childbirth preparation behaviors. | Baseline (28-32 weeks' gestation), immediately after completion of the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention (36-37 weeks' gestation). |
| Actual Mode of Delivery | Actual mode of delivery will be recorded using the Birth Record Form and categorized as vaginal birth or cesarean birth. | At the time of childbirth. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000083342 | Health Belief Model |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008962 | Models, Theoretical |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D008960 | Models, Psychological |
Not provided
Not provided