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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Cukurova University | OTHER |
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This study is a randomized controlled experimental trial designed to examine the effect of alternative nasal breathing exercises on blood pressure and perceived stress levels in patients with hypertension. The study sample includes a total of 52 patients, with 26 in the intervention group and 26 in the control group.
Aim: This study is being conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study to examine the effect of alternate nasal breathing exercises on blood pressure and stress levels in hypertensive patients.
Materials and Methods: The study sample consists of 52 patients (26 intervention and 26 control) from cardiology outpatient clinics. Ethics committee approval, institutional permissions, and verbal and written informed consent were obtained from the participants. Patients in the intervention group are instructed to perform alternate nasal breathing exercises for 10 minutes daily for four weeks, while the control group continues with routine treatment. Data collection tools include the Patient Introduction Form, Perceived Stress Scale, Life Findings Follow-up Form, and Blood Pressure Monitoring Forms. Planned statistical analyses include Independent Sample t-test, Paired Sample t-test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| alternative nasal breathing exercise intervention group | Experimental | The intervention group of 26 participants practiced an alternative nasal breathing exercise. This group practiced alternate nasal breathing exercise for 4 weeks. |
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| control group | No Intervention | The group consisted of 26 participants. No intervention was administered. Participants continued their usual care without any additional exercises or treatments during the study period. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| alternative nasal breathing | Behavioral | The alternate nasal breathing exercise involves breathing in and out through both nostrils in a certain pattern and for a certain period of time. For example, an individual who breathes in through the right nostril for 5 seconds with the left nostril closed, then closes the right nostril and exhales through the left nostril for 5 seconds. Then he/she inhales through the left nostril for 5 seconds and exhales through the right nostril. A total of 6 breaths are taken per minute. The application is applied for 5 minutes, the patient rests in a calm environment for two minutes and the application is performed for another 5 minutes. In order to increase the compliance of individuals with the application, a sample video was watched and application instructions were given by the researcher. The application was performed while the patients were in an upright sitting position. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure | The blood pressure of the patients in the control group was measured twice, at the beginning of the study and 1 month later. In the measurement to be performed in the morning hours, the patients rested for 5 minutes in a calm environment before the measurement and then the measurement was made from the brachial artery in the arm. The same automatic sphygmomanometer was used for blood pressure measurement in all patients. " https://www.stridebp.org/bp-monitors/ " A blood pressure measuring device listed at | Baseline and 4 weeks after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in perceived stress scores | The Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess perceived stress. The 10-question form was used in our study. The scale has a two-factor structure consisting of perceived inadequacy/self-efficacy and stress/distress. Responses are based on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from never (0) to very often (4), with reverse-scored items (4, 5, 7, 8). As the score from the scale increases, stress levels also increase. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Outpatient Clinic | Adana | Yüreğir | 1370 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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"In this randomized controlled trial, participants were divided into two groups: an intervention group performing alternate nasal breathing exercises and a control group with no intervention. Outcomes were measured before and 4 weeks after the intervention period."
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| Baseline and 4 weeks after intervention |
| Change in self-measured home blood pressure | Blood pressure measurements at home were taken using automatic blood pressure monitors. Patients were instructed on blood pressure measurement rules, such as taking measurements two hours after breakfast and after resting for five minutes, and were given a home blood pressure monitoring form to ensure follow-up. The form, which is intended for blood pressure monitoring, also ensures communication between the researcher and the patient. The four-week form includes patients' home blood pressure measurements. | Daily measurements during the 4-week intervention period |