This study aims to explore the imaging and electrophysiological characteristics of idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IIDDs), and their correlation with clinical manifestations. It also evaluates the effectiveness of transcranial electrical stimulation in alleviating clinical symptoms of IIDDs patients, and analyzes the key factors affecting the treatment efficacy. By uncovering the overall and individual characteristics of IIDDs, this study seeks to enhance therapeutic outcomes through personalized neuromodulation programs. The findings will provide a basis for applying non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in IIDDs treatment and offer new ideas for future personalized medicine approaches.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age: 18-60 years old.
• Diagnosis: Patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease, multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system that meet the diagnostic criteria.
• Medications have been stable for at least three months.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Recurrence has been recorded in the past 3 months.
• Have a pacemaker or other metal implant in the body.
• Impaired skin integrity at the site of electrode placement.
• Previous organic brain disease such as epilepsy, hydrocephalus, central nervous system tumors, brain injury, or intracranial infection.
• Combined with severe or unstable organic diseases, such as heart, liver and kidney and other organ dysfunction.
• Pregnant or lactating women, those who are planning to become pregnant in the near future.
• Patient compliance is poor.
• In the opinion of the investigator, there is a situation that is not suitable to participate in this study.