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The two main groups of medicated patients with schizophrenia (SZ) are those receiving second-generation antipsychotics and those receiving first-generation antipsychotics. The purpose of this research project is to target each patient group to examine effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on upper-limb movements in medicated SZ patients in a 6-month follow-up period.
The main questions of this project are:
Researchers will compare upper-limb movement training with the aid of RAS to upper-limb movement training without the aid of RAS to see if RAS works to improve upper-limb movements in SZ patients. Participants will:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| SZ patients receiving second-generation antipsychotics + RAS | Experimental | SZ patients receiving second-generation antipsychotics: Provision of upper-limb movement training with the aid of RAS |
|
| SZ patients receiving second-generation antipsychotics + no RAS | Active Comparator | SZ patients receiving second-generation antipsychotics: Provision of upper-limb movement training without the aid of RAS |
|
| SZ patients receiving first-generation antipsychotics + RAS | Experimental | SZ patients receiving first-generation antipsychotics: Provision of upper-limb movement training with the aid of RAS |
|
| SZ patients receiving first-generation antipsychotics + no RAS | Active Comparator | SZ patients receiving first-generation antipsychotics: Provision of upper-limb movement training without the aid of RAS |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAS incorporated in upper-limb movement training | Behavioral | RAS will be metronome beat sound with different tempi and will be incorporated in upper-limb movement training, which will last for 40 minutes per session for a total of 21 sessions. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Purdue pegboard test | A larger value (the number of inserted pins) means a faster movement. | Up to 1 week right before the 1st session of the intervention |
| Purdue pegboard test | A larger value (the number of inserted pins) means a faster | Up to 1 week right after the last session of the intervention |
| Purdue pegboard test | A larger value (the number of inserted pins) means a faster movement. | After three months following the last session of the intervention |
| Purdue pegboard test | A larger value (the number of inserted pins) means a faster movement. | After six months following the last session of the intervention |
| Box and Block Test | A larger value (the number of blocks) means a faster movement. | Up to 1 week right before the 1st session of the intervention |
| Box and Block Test | A larger value (the number of blocks) means a faster movement. | Up to 1 week right after the last session of the intervention |
| Box and Block Test | A larger value (the number of blocks) means a faster movement. | After three months following the last session of the intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test | A larger value (the time for completing the task) of each task means a slower movement. | Up to 1 week right before the 1st session of the intervention |
| Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test |
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[For SZ patients]
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
[For healthy participants]
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences | Taipei | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012559 | Schizophrenia |
| D011618 | Psychotic Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019967 | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| Upper-limb movement training | Behavioral | Upper-limb movement training will last for 40 minutes per session for a total of 21 sessions. |
|
| Box and Block Test |
A larger value (the number of blocks) means a faster movement. |
| After six months following the last session of the intervention |
| Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale | A larger score means more severe bradykinesia | Up to 1 week right before the 1st session of the intervention |
| Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale | A larger score means more severe bradykinesia | Up to 1 week right after the last session of the intervention |
| Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale | A larger score means more severe bradykinesia | After three months following the last session of the intervention |
| Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale | A larger score means more severe bradykinesia | After six months following the last session of the intervention |
| Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale | A larger score means more severe dyskinesia | Up to 1 week right before the 1st session of the intervention |
| Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale | A larger score means more severe dyskinesia | Up to 1 week right after the last session of the intervention |
| Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale | A larger score means more severe dyskinesia | After three months following the last session of the intervention |
| Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale | A larger score means more severe dyskinesia | After six months following the last session of the intervention |
A larger value (the time for completing the task) of each task means a slower movement.
| Up to 1 week right after the last session of the intervention |
| Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test | A larger value (the time for completing the task) of each task means a slower movement. | After three months following the last session of the intervention |
| Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test | A larger value (the time for completing the task) of each task means a slower movement. | After six months following the last session of the intervention |
| Averaged weekly working hours | A larger value (working hours) means higher working function. | Up to 1 week right before the 1st session of the intervention |
| Averaged weekly working hours | A larger value (working hours) means higher working function. | Up to 1 week right after the last session of the intervention |
| Averaged weekly working hours | A larger value (working hours) means higher working function. | After three months following the last session of the intervention |
| Averaged weekly working hours | A larger value (working hours) means higher working function. | After six months following the last session of the intervention |
| The short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire | A larger score means higher quality of life. | Up to 1 week right before the 1st session of the intervention |
| The short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire | A larger score means higher quality of life. | Up to 1 week right after the last session of the intervention |
| The short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire | A larger score means higher quality of life. | After three months following the last session of the intervention |
| The short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire | A larger score means higher quality of life. | After six months following the last session of the intervention |
| Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale | A larger score means more severe psychotic symptoms. | Up to 1 week right before the 1st session of the intervention |
| Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale | A larger score means more severe psychotic symptoms. | Up to 1 week right after the last session of the intervention |
| Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale | A larger score means more severe psychotic symptoms. | After three months following the last session of the intervention |
| Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale | A larger score means more severe psychotic symptoms. | After six months following the last session of the intervention |
| The Montreal Cognitive Assessment | A larger score means higher cognition. | Up to 1 week right before the 1st session of the intervention |
| The Montreal Cognitive Assessment | A larger score means higher cognition. | Up to 1 week right after the last session of the intervention |
| The Montreal Cognitive Assessment | A larger score means higher cognition. | After three months following the last session of the intervention |
| The Montreal Cognitive Assessment | A larger score means higher cognition. | After six months following the last session of the intervention |