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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Universidad Francisco de Vitoria | OTHER |
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This randomized controlled trial investigates the acute effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up and fatigue on diaphragmatic function in professional basketball players. Using ultrasound imaging and maximal inspiratory pressure (PIM) assessment, the study evaluates changes in diaphragmatic thickness and respiratory strength before and after specific inspiratory muscle loading protocols. Findings aim to clarify the short-term impact of these interventions on diaphragmatic recovery capacity, with potential implications for respiratory training, performance enhancement, and injury prevention strategies in elite athletic populations.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inspiratory muscle fatigue group | Experimental | The EG (experimental group) will perform the diaphragmatic fatigue protocol using a specific inspiratory endurance test, in which volunteers, one-on-one, and in a single session, will breathe against submaximal inspiratory loads equivalent to 60% of their MIP (Maximum Inspiratory Pressure) through a threshold valve device. The participants will follow a free pattern of breathing until they are unable to establish flow during at least 3 maximum inspiratory efforts. |
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| Inspiratory muscle warm-up group | Active Comparator | The inspiratory muscle warm-up group will perform the protocol of 2 sets of 30 repetitions at 40% of their MIP, one-on-one, and in a single session, breathing against submaximal inspiratory loads using a threshold valve device. The participants will follow a free pattern of breathing until complete the protocol. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inspiratory muscle fatigue group | Device | The subjects will perform deep inspirations against a threshold device with varying resistances |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maximal inspiratory pressure | It will be assessed using a Breathare MIP/MEP® (GH Innotek Co., Ltd., Busan, Republic of Korea).The Breathare MIP/MEP® is likely a respiratory pressure meter or manometer designed for measuring respiratory muscle strength. It typically includes a mouthpiece connected to a pressure sensor, and the device measures the force or pressure generated during respiratory maneuvers. The person will be instructed to take a maximal deep breath in, and then exhale to residual volume. After that, they will be asked to inhale forcefully against the resistance provided by the Breathare MIP/MEP®. This measures the strength of the inspiratory muscles. The measures will be expressed in cmH2O. | Immediately before intervention, immediately after intervention, 15 minutes post intervention and 30 minutes post intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Diaphragmatic thickness and thickening fraction | The linear array probe with a frequency of 3.0-10 megahertz (MHz) is placed perpendicularly to chest wall close to the mid-axillary line which is between the 8th and 10th intercostal space. The thickness of diaphragm is measured at the end of expiration and maximum inspiration for three times and the average values were recorded. The measures will be expressed in centimeters. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arturo Ladriñan, PhD | Contact | 925 26 88 00 | arturo.ladrinan@uclm.es | |
| eva V sanz | Contact | 925 23 10 52 |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41493585 | Derived | Ladrinan-Maestro A, Sanchez-Infante J, Rodriguez-Sanz D, Sanchez-Sierra A. Short-term effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up and fatigue on diaphragmatic function in professional basketball players: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2026 May;126(5):2935-2943. doi: 10.1007/s00421-025-06116-2. Epub 2026 Jan 6. |
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Due to confidentiality and privacy considerations, individual participant data (IPD) will not be publicly available. However, de-identified data can be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author, subject to approval and adherence to ethical guidelines. The anonymity of participants will always be strictly maintained.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001265 | Athletic Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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Single-blind
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| Inspiratory muscle warm-up group | Device | The subjects will perform deep inspirations against a threshold device with varying resistances |
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| Immediately before intervention, immediately after intervention, 15 minutes post intervention and 30 minutes post intervention |