This study aims to: 1) develop an evidence-based multi-strategy educational training program on surgical smoke, and 2) investigate the effectiveness of the "evidence-based multi-strategy educational training program" on operating room nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors concerning the hazards of surgical smoke.

The research questions of this study are as follows:

What are the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors regarding surgical smoke hazards among operating room nurses?

What is the effect of an "evidence-based multi-strategy educational training program" on operating room nurses' knowledge of surgical smoke hazards?

What is the effect of an "evidence-based multi-strategy educational training program" on operating room nurses' attitudes toward surgical smoke hazards?

What is the effect of an "evidence-based multi-strategy educational training program" on operating room nurses' preventive behaviors regarding surgical smoke hazards? The experimental group received the "evidence-based multi-strategy educational training program on surgical smoke," while the control group received the conventional training on surgical smoke. Measurements were taken three times: a pretest, a post-test one week after the course, and a follow-up test four weeks later. The research tools included a self-designed questionnaire that included scales on knowledge, attitudes toward surgical smoke, and self-protective behaviors.

To avoid cross-contamination during the research process, participants in the experimental and control groups were recruited from different hospitals. After obtaining approval from administrative supervisors at a regional hospital and a medical center in southern Taiwan, the researcher explained the study purpose and procedures to interested nurses and obtained their informed consent in writing.

1. If you work at Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, you will be assigned to the experimental group and will receive a four-week multi-strategy evidence-based educational training program on surgical smoke.
2. If you work at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, you will be assigned to the control group and will receive a four-week standard in-service training on surgical smoke provided by the hospital.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Operating room nurses who have been formally employed for more than three months.
2. Willing to participate in the study and sign the informed consent form.
3. Possess a mobile phone or computer with internet access. -

Exclusion Criteria:

- Operating room nurses who are in training, internship, part-time student positions, or currently on parental leave.