Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in Shanghai Zicitizens

Epidemiological Survey and Follow-up of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Diseases Among Adults in Shanghai

The main purpose of this study is to conduct follow-up assessments and update the cardiorenal outcomes among the STONE cohort that was established during 2016-2017. The secondary aim is to compare metabolic risk factors, metabolic disturbances, and clinically relevant metabolic outcomes between the follow-up period and the baseline assessment. The exploratory goal is to examine the relationships between changes in risk factors and clinical outcomes in the participants.

The study is planned to begin in May 2025 and will finalize the data collection for the entire population by June 2026. During this time, participants will be categorized based on CKM staging. The follow-up phase will continue until 2035.

Between 2016 and 2017, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital conducted a random stratified sampling in 10 communities in Shanghai among individuals aged 18-65 years who had resided in the community for more than six months. Pregnant women, individuals with fractures, severe mental disorders or dementia, bedridden individuals, and those with hepatitis, tuberculosis, AIDS, other infectious diseases, severe liver or kidney dysfunction, and other serious life-threatening diseases were excluded. The Shanghai Thyroid autOimmuNity: an Epidemiological research (STONE) cohort was established. Trained physicians collected multidimensional baseline health data from more than 4,000 Shanghai community residents through questionnaires, structured interviews, physical examinations, and clinical tests. The data included demographic information (gender, age, education level, marital status, employment status, income level, etc.), lifestyle and psychological status (smoking history, alcohol consumption history, dietary habits, sleep, physical activity, etc.), physical examination indicators (height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure), comprehensive metabolic indicators (complete blood count, liver and kidney function, thyroid function, glucose metabolism indicators, lipid metabolism indicators, tumor immunity, hormone levels), and ultrasound imaging data (abdominal ultrasound, thyroid ultrasound, carotid ultrasound, bone density).

Inclusion Criteria:

1. The 4,094 residents of Shanghai communities who have been enrolled in the STONE cohort.
2. Individuals who completed the baseline questionnaire survey, physical examination, and related clinical tests between 2016 and 2017, with complete data records.
3. Willingness to participate in this follow-up study and provision of informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Participants who have moved away from their original community and have been living elsewhere for more than two years.
2. Participants whose contact information has changed or become invalid, resulting in loss of contact (those who remain uncontactable after three attempts to reach out).