A Prospective Cohort Study on Prognostic Factors in Patients With Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic Syndrome

A Prospective Cohort Study on Prognostic Factors in Patients With Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic Syndrome

Patients with Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome (CKM) will be prospectively enrolled. We will conduct comprehensive analyses, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, using various types of samples such as plasma and whole blood. Adenosine stress echocardiography will be monitored to collect a large amount of data. Long-term follow-up will be conducted, and modern information technology will be utilized to analyze the relationship between different biomarkers and prognosis. Combined with clinical data, we will attempt to construct a predictive model for CKM patients to precisely formulate treatment and follow-up strategies. Demographic and basic clinical information of the study subjects will be collected, including age, gender, height, weight, blood pressure, cardiovascular risk factors (smoking history, alcohol consumption history, blood pressure, lipid levels, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, etc.), clinical medication use, and coronary angiography images. During follow-up, changes in risk factor-related indicators such as blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid levels, medication use, inflammatory markers, and stress echocardiography will be recorded. Plasma and whole blood samples will be collected and stored in a biobank managed by a biospecimen management system. The occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in all enrolled patients during the follow-up period will be statistically analyzed. This cohort study will follow up with patients for at least 3 years using multiple methods (questionnaires, outpatient follow-up, and telephone calls). Changes in indicators such as MACE occurrence, biochemical markers, echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, and stress echocardiography will be recorded.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1）Patients who meet the criteria for CKM stages 0-4 were included. 2）Clinical data were complete.

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1) Presence of infectious diseases during the sample retention period. 2) Presence of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis, etc.

  3) Presence of tumors. 4) Patients with an estimated life expectancy of less than 2 years. 5) Patients with known hypersensitivity to adenosine. 6) Patients who cannot follow up regularly. 7) Pregnant or breastfeeding women, and those participating in other clinical trials.