Smartphone Addiction and Cervical Muscular Health

Investigation of the Effect of Smartphone Addiction on Neck Pain and the Structural and Mechanical Properties of Neck Muscles in Young Adults

This cross-sectional observational study investigates how smartphone addiction affects neck pain severity, pressure pain threshold, and mechanical properties of cervical muscles in healthy young adults. Two groups-those with and without smartphone addiction-are compared based on validated addiction scales and objective muscle assessments using MyotonPRO and algometry.

Smartphone addiction has become increasingly prevalent among young adults, often accompanied by poor posture and musculoskeletal complaints. This study aims to identify the differences in neck-related pain, disability, and mechanical muscle characteristics between addicted and non-addicted individuals. Participants are assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Form (SAS-SF), Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), MyotonPRO for muscle tone/stiffness/elastance, and pressure algometry. The findings may contribute to the development of ergonomic and behavioral strategies for musculoskeletal health preservation in digital device users.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged between 18-30 years
• Actively using a smartphone
• Volunteer consent provided

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any diagnosed cervical spine pathology
• Neurological, rheumatological, or psychiatric disease
• Previous cervical surgery
• Lack of cooperation or inability to understand instructions