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It has been reported that excessive use of smartphones increases the stress on the cervical spine, and changes in cervical curvature and pain in the muscles around the neck are associated with the increase in stress. Studies have reported that smartphone users with addictions have neck pain (68%), upper back pain (62%), right shoulder pain (52%), left shoulder pain (46%), and right hand pain (46%). As a result of our study, the frequency of smartphone addiction and temporomandibular joint dysfunction and related factors in individuals with nonspecific neck pain were examined and the results we obtained will contribute to the literature.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| patient group,healthy group | Cranio- Cervical Flexion Test, cervical mobility, Pressure Pain Threshold,Functional evaluation of the temporomandibular joint,Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| patient group/ healthy group | Other | Cranio- Cervical Flexion Test, cervical mobility, Pressure Pain Threshold,Functional evaluation of the temporomandibular joint,Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cranio- Cervical Flexion Test | An inflatable pressure unit (StabilizerTM, Chattanooga Group, Inc., Hixson, TN) will be used during testing. | Day 1 |
| Evaluation of cervical mobility | Cervical region flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation movements will be evaluated with Baseline Bubble Inclinometer. | Day 1 |
| Evaluation of Pressure Pain Threshold | Pressure pain threshold assessment will be performed with an algometer, which is an objective assessment method.Measurements will be made from three different regions: anterior temporal muscle body, masseter muscle body and TMJ (lateral to the mandibular condyle). | Day 1 |
| Functional evaluation of the temporomandibular joint | The Helkimo Clinic Craniomandibular Index will be used in the evaluation of TMJ (5). This index consists of 5 subsections: pain on muscle palpation, pain on TMJ palpation, pain on mandible functions, TMJ functions (sound, gliding at maximum opening, luxation and/or locking) and mandible movement capacity. | Day 1 |
| Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Form | Each item is scored between 1-6. The high score informs about the severity of smartphone addiction. Those who have a total score above 29.50 are considered as smartphone addiction. | Day 1 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | It is a reliable, valid and standardized scale that measures sleep quality over a one-month period and provides clinical evaluation of various sleep disorders that may affect sleep quality. | Day 1 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Individuals with nonspecific neck pain, individuals who voluntarily agreed to participate in our study and signed the consent form
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ayşe Abit Kocaman, PhD | Kırıkkale University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ayşe Abit Kocaman | Kirikkale | 7110 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32028877 | Background | Can HB, Tuna F. Relation between endurance of deep cervical flexor muscles and physical activity level, perceived stress, sleep quality, and smartphone addiction. Cranio. 2022 Mar;40(2):126-134. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2020.1724457. Epub 2020 Feb 6. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000082424 | Internet Addiction Disorder |
| D013705 | Temporomandibular Joint Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000088942 | Technology Addiction |
| D016739 | Behavior, Addictive |
| D003192 | Compulsive Behavior |
| D007175 | Impulsive Behavior |
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| D001519 |
| Behavior |
| D017271 | Craniomandibular Disorders |
| D008336 | Mandibular Diseases |
| D007571 | Jaw Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |