Comparing ketamine and ephedrine to decrease the incidence of post spinal hypotension after caesarean section delivery.

To compare the effect of ketamine versus ephedrine in decreasing the incidence of hypotension in caesarean section delivery a study group including 50 participants will receive ketamine and 50 group will receive ephedrine after the consent and detailed history the two groups will receive preload of 500ml enter acetate then dormicum for sedation then spinal anesthesia will be performed initial blood pressure and heart rate will be measured then every five minutes

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing Caesarian Section under spinal anesthesia,
• Patients aged 18-45 years,
• At term (≥37-week gestation),
• American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1 or 2 Exclusion Criteria:
• Pre-eclampsia,
• Chronic hypertension, cardiovascular troubles,
• Any contraindication to regional anesthesia such as local infection or bleeding disorders,
• Any hypersensitivity to ketamine.
• Declined informed consent.
• American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status lll or lV

All data will be shared

Before1/2026

Free