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Adult patients undergoing chronic dialysis therapy for at least three months were selected. A physical function assessment was conducted, including the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and a handgrip strength test. Additionally, a bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed. Subsequently, 5 grams of creatine were administered daily for a period of eight weeks, after which the same assessments were repeated. The results were then analyzed to identify any differences in the tests, aiming to detect potential changes following creatine supplementation.
Adult patients undergoing chronic dialysis therapy for at least three months were selected, primarily based on their good adherence to pharmacological and dialysis treatment regimens. A physical function assessment was conducted, including the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and a handgrip strength test. Additionally, a bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed.
All participants were informed that creatine would be administered and provided written informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee.
Creatine supplementation consisted of 5 grams per day for eight weeks. On dialysis days, the dose was administered immediately after the dialysis session. On non-dialysis days, patients were responsible for self-administering the creatine at home. The creatine was diluted in 100 mL of water before ingestion.
All assessments were conducted the day following the second dialysis session of the week-on Thursday or Friday, depending on the patient's schedule. There was no control group so pre-creatine measurements were considered as the basal (control) state. Measurements were taken before and after the creatine supplementation period in the same patients. The data were analyzed to evaluate changes in the outcomes following creatine use.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre creatine and post | Experimental | patients before and after creatine suplemmentation |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Creatine | Dietary Supplement | Five grams of creatine were administered to each patient daily for eight weeks. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Compare Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) before and after 8 weeks of creatine use | To compare the physical functionality status of selected patients, as assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), before and after eight weeks of creatine supplementation. Scale range between 0-12 points. Higher points mean a better outcome (higher physical functionality). | eigth weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Compare hand grip strength as assessed by a hand dynamometer, before and after eight weeks of creatine supplementation | compare changes in muscle strength, measured using a hand dynamometer. | eigth weeks |
| Compare body composition: skeletal muscle mass, estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after eight weeks of creatine supplementation |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Carla Basualto-Alarcón, PhD | Universidad de Aysén | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital de Puerto Aysen | Puerto Aisén | Región de Aysen | Chile |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28110688 | Background | Wallimann T, Riek U, Moddel M. Intradialytic creatine supplementation: A scientific rationale for improving the health and quality of life of dialysis patients. Med Hypotheses. 2017 Feb;99:1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.12.002. Epub 2016 Dec 7. | |
| 10844626 | Background | Johansen KL, Chertow GM, Ng AV, Mulligan K, Carey S, Schoenfeld PY, Kent-Braun JA. Physical activity levels in patients on hemodialysis and healthy sedentary controls. Kidney Int. 2000 Jun;57(6):2564-70. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00116.x. |
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At the time of paper submission, all data will be shared in an anonymized form, as supplementary material.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003401 | Creatine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006146 | Guanidines |
| D000578 | Amidines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000596 | Amino Acids |
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Functional assessments and bioelectrical impedance analysis conducted pre- and post-creatine supplementation
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Compare changes in skeletal muscle mass (Kg), estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after eight weeks of creatine supplementation |
| eigth weeks |
| Compare body composition: fat free mass, estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after eight weeks of creatine supplementation | Compare changes in fat free mass (Kg), estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after | eigth weeks |
| Compare body composition: total body water (Lt), estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after eight weeks of creatine supplementation | Compare changes in tota body water (Lt), estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after | eigth weeks |
| Compare body composition: extracellular water (Lt), estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after eight weeks of creatine supplementation | Compare changes in extracellular water (Lt), estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after | eigth weeks |
| Compare body composition: intracellular water (Lt), estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after eight weeks of creatine supplementation | Compare changes in intracellular water (Lt), estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after | eigth weeks |
| Compare body composition: phase angle (degrees), estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after eight weeks of creatine supplementation | Compare changes in phase angle (degrees), estimated by bioimpedance analysis before and after | eigth weeks |
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| 28003033 | Background | Pavasini R, Guralnik J, Brown JC, di Bari M, Cesari M, Landi F, Vaes B, Legrand D, Verghese J, Wang C, Stenholm S, Ferrucci L, Lai JC, Bartes AA, Espaulella J, Ferrer M, Lim JY, Ensrud KE, Cawthon P, Turusheva A, Frolova E, Rolland Y, Lauwers V, Corsonello A, Kirk GD, Ferrari R, Volpato S, Campo G. Short Physical Performance Battery and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2016 Dec 22;14(1):215. doi: 10.1186/s12916-016-0763-7. |
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| 37923149 | Background | Uchida J, Suzuki Y, Imamura K, Yoshikoshi S, Nakajima T, Fukuzaki N, Harada M, Kamiya K, Matsuzawa R, Matsunaga A. The Association of Short Physical Performance Battery With Mortality and Hospitalization in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis. J Ren Nutr. 2024 May;34(3):235-242. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.10.010. Epub 2023 Nov 3. |
| 34444869 | Background | van der Veen Y, Post A, Kremer D, Koops CA, Marsman E, Appeldoorn TYJ, Touw DJ, Westerhuis R, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Franssen CFM, Wallimann T, Bakker SJL. Chronic Dialysis Patients Are Depleted of Creatine: Review and Rationale for Intradialytic Creatine Supplementation. Nutrients. 2021 Aug 6;13(8):2709. doi: 10.3390/nu13082709. |
| 33743724 | Background | Post A, Schutten JC, Kremer D, van der Veen Y, Groothof D, Sotomayor CG, Koops CA, de Blaauw P, Kema IP, Westerhuis R, Wallimann T, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Bakker SJL, Franssen CFM. Creatine homeostasis and protein energy wasting in hemodialysis patients. J Transl Med. 2021 Mar 20;19(1):115. doi: 10.1186/s12967-021-02780-y. |
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| 38474743 | Background | Marini ACB, Schincaglia RM, Candow DG, Pimentel GD. Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Body Composition and Malnutrition-Inflammation Score in Hemodialysis Patients: An Exploratory 1-Year, Balanced, Double-Blind Design. Nutrients. 2024 Feb 23;16(5):615. doi: 10.3390/nu16050615. |
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| D000602 |
| Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |