The purpose of this research was to explore potential differences in acute cardiovascular responses between two conditions: 1) moderate-intensity cycle ergometer exercise; and 2) moderate-intensity cycle ergometer exercise with NMES. Young, healthy, physically active participants were recruited for this study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• healthy
• performing aerobic activity greater than or equal to three times per week at any intensity

Exclusion Criteria:

• had lower body musculoskeletal injuries recently (within the past 6 months)
• health conditions that may place risk to the individual such as those with respiratory issues, hypertension, chronic atrial fibrillation, valvular diseases, heart disease; or obstructive cardiomyopathy
• if taking pharmacological drugs, performance-enhancing drugs, recreational drugs, nutritional supplements, or smoked nicotine

Will decide if asked by other investigators.