PAPE Effect With Blood Flow Restriction and Push-Up Exercise (Post-Activation Performance Enhancement)

Acute Effects of Push-Up Exercise Performed Under Varying Blood Flow Restriction Conditions on Upper Extremity Explosive Power Performance

This study aims to compare the acute effects of push-up exercises performed under different blood flow restriction (BFR) conditions on upper extremity explosive strength performance, measured via the seated unilateral medicine ball throw test.

The study includes three push-up conditions (BFR, sham BFR, and no BFR). Performance is evaluated via medicine ball throws at the 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes post-exercise. Exercises are applied in a crossover design with 50% limb occlusion pressure (LOP) BFR, sham, and control arms. Throw distance and ball velocity (measured by radar device) are primary outcomes. RPE scale is used to assess perceived exertion.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Being between 18 and 25 years old
• Being a volleyball player
• Having trained regularly in the last 6 months
• Ability to perform at least 5 repetitions of push-up with own body weight
• Voluntarily agreeing to participate and signing the informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of shoulder or upper extremity injury requiring physical therapy or surgery
• History of venous thromboembolism
• Hematological disorders
• Coronary artery disease
• Peripheral arterial disease
• Hypertension (systolic/diastolic > 140 mmHg/90 mmHg)
• History or high risk of deep vein thrombosis
• Blood clotting disorders
• Poor circulation
• Inadequate lymphatic system
• History of endothelial dysfunction
• Varicose veins
• Peripheral vascular disease
• Diabetes
• Easy bruising
• Active infection
• Cancer
• Renal failure
• Pregnancy
• Intolerance to intervention