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This study aims to compare the acute effects of push-up exercises performed under different blood flow restriction (BFR) conditions on upper extremity explosive strength performance, measured via the seated unilateral medicine ball throw test.
The study includes three push-up conditions (BFR, sham BFR, and no BFR). Performance is evaluated via medicine ball throws at the 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes post-exercise. Exercises are applied in a crossover design with 50% limb occlusion pressure (LOP) BFR, sham, and control arms. Throw distance and ball velocity (measured by radar device) are primary outcomes. RPE scale is used to assess perceived exertion.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood flow restriction exercise group | Experimental | Participants will perform push-up exercises with 50% arterial occlusion pressure applied to their dominant arm. The cuff is inflated before the exercise and maintained throughout 3 sets of 5 repetitions. There is a 2-minute rest between sets. |
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| Sham Blood flow restriction exercise group | Placebo Comparator | In this group, a BFR cuff will be placed on the upper extremity in the same location as in the real BFR group. During the application, the participant will be led to believe that the cuff is being inflated, although no actual pressure will be applied. The participant will see the cuff being wrapped and apparently inflated, but there will be no physical pressure restricting circulation during the exercise. This aims to control the psychological effects (e.g., the belief that "something is being applied") on performance. |
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| Control group | Active Comparator | Participants perform push-up exercises without any cuff application. The same repetition and rest protocol is followed. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sham blood flow restriction exercise | Other | a BFR cuff will be placed on the upper extremity in the same location as in the real BFR group. During the application, the participant will be led to believe that the cuff is being inflated, although no actual pressure will be applied. The participant will see the cuff being wrapped and apparently inflated, but there will be no physical pressure restricting circulation during the exercise. This aims to control the psychological effects (e.g., the belief that "something is being applied") on performance |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| throw distance | Seated unilateral medicine ball throw distance (in cm) - | will be measured immediately after the exercise protocol is completed three times at 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Ball velocity (km/h) | speed at which a ball travels immediately after being thrown | will be measured by radar device after completion of the exercise three times at 4th, 8th, and 12th minutes |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Şensu Dinçer | Istanbul University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Faculty of Medicine | Istanbul | 34093 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
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| Control group | Other | Participants perform push-up exercises without any cuff application. The same repetition and rest protocol is followed |
|
| Blood flow restriction exercise group | Other | Participants will perform push-up exercises with 50% arterial occlusion pressure applied to their dominant arm. The cuff is inflated before the exercise and maintained throughout 3 sets of 5 repetitions. There is a 2-minute rest between sets. |
|
will be assessed via Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (6-20). Borg scale is used o quantify an individual's subjective perception of exercise intensity. It provides a numerical scale, typically ranging from 6 to 20. Higher scores on the scale indicate a greater subjective sense of difficulty or effort perceived by the individual.
| 1 day (will be assessed at the end of the push-up exercise) |
| D008722 | Methods |