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The study summary and design were to assess procedural anxiety and stress in parents and pain perception in children during intradermal testing. Music medicine was incorporated into the study design as a nonpharmacological intervention. Two distinct auditory modalities were used: solfeggio frequencies-174 Hz, 285 Hz, 396 Hz, and 528 Hz-which have been suggested to interact with the human energy field through resonance-based mechanisms, and Turkish classical musical modes (makams), such as Rast, Hicaz, Uşşak, Neva, and Saba, which are modal systems that include microtonal intervals and follow specific melodic progressions that are often associated with different emotional and spiritual effects as well as sensory and emotional regulation potential.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants undergo standard intradermal testing (IDT) without any additional auditory intervention | |
| Solfeggio Music Intervention | Experimental | Participants receive receptive music therapy using Solfeggio frequencies (174 Hz, 285 Hz, 396 Hz, and 528 Hz) during the IDT procedure. Music starts five minutes before and continues throughout the procedure |
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| Traditional Turkish Music Intervention | Experimental | Participants receive receptive music therapy using selected Traditional Turkish Music modes (makams), including Rast, Hicaz, Uşşak, Neva, and Saba, during the IDT procedure. Music starts five minutes before and continues throughout the procedure |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Receptive Music Therapy - Solfeggio Frequencies | Behavioral | Music featuring Solfeggio frequencies (174 Hz, 285 Hz, 396 Hz, 528 Hz) is played through standardized speakers in a sound-isolated room during IDT. Duration includes five minutes before and throughout the procedure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Parental State Anxiety Levels | Change in parental state anxiety will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State Subscale (STAI-S). The STAI-S is a validated psychological inventory that measures current levels of anxiety. It consists of 20 items, each rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with total scores ranging from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate greater levels of anxiety. STAI-S scores will be collected immediately before and immediately after the intradermal testing (IDT) procedure. The change in anxiety levels will be calculated as the difference between post-procedure and pre-procedure scores (ΔSTAI-S), and will be used to evaluate the effect of the intervention. | within 5 minutes before and post procedure |
| Pain Levels in Pediatric Patients During Intradermal Testing | Pain scores will be evaluated immediately after the intradermal testing (IDT) procedure. For children under 5 years of age, pain will be assessed using the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS). This is a behavioral pain assessment tool with scores ranging from 4 to 13, where higher scores indicate greater pain. For children aged 5 years and older, pain will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. This self-report scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores indicate greater pain. | within 2 minutes post-procedure |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prof Dr Cemil Tascioglu Education and Research Hospital Organization | Istanbul | Şişli | 34360 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Identified individual participant data (IPD) that underlie the results reported in this article will be shared. This includes:Demographic information (age, sex, parental education level)Baseline clinical data (allergy history, suspected drug, clinical symptoms)Pre- and post-intervention STAI scores (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory)Pain scores measured using CHEOPS and Wong-Baker FACES scalesGroup allocation (Control, Solfeggio, Traditional Turkish Music)All shared data will be anonymized to protect participant confidentiality.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D000377 | Agnosia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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| Receptive Music Therapy - Traditional Turkish Music | Behavioral | Selected Turkish Classical Music pieces (makams: Rast, Hicaz, Uşşak, Neva, Saba) are played via speakers in a sound-isolated room during IDT. Music begins five minutes prior and continues during the procedure. |
|
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |