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This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the effects of supraphysiological estradiol (E2) levels, induced by gonadotropin therapy during IVF, on cardiac electrophysiological parameters. Sixty-two women aged 18-40 undergoing IVF treatment at Konya City Hospital between December 2024 and January 2025 were included.
ECG recordings were performed twice: once before gonadotropin stimulation and again on the day of hCG administration, when peak E2 levels were expected. Routine blood tests and hormone levels were also evaluated. Patients with obesity, cardiovascular disease, chronic illness, or medication use were excluded.
After treatment, significant increases were observed in PR interval, J-Tpeak, QTc, and Tp-e values. E2 changes showed a moderate negative correlation with QTc and a low positive correlation with J-Tpeak.
The results suggest that elevated E2 levels during IVF may affect cardiac electrophysiology, highlighting the need for careful monitoring in women with cardiac risk factors.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in QTc Interval Before and After Gonadotropin-Induced Estradiol Elevation | QTc interval will be measured via 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) at two timepoints: (1) on menstrual cycle day 2-3 prior to gonadotropin stimulation (baseline), and (2) on the day of hCG administration when estradiol reaches peak levels. The difference between pre- and post-treatment QTc values will be calculated. | Approximately 8-12 days from baseline to post-treatment ECG |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in PR Interval Following Gonadotropin-Induced Estradiol Elevation | PR interval will be assessed using standard 12-lead ECG both before and after gonadotropin stimulation. Measurements will be taken on menstrual day 2-3 and again on the day of hCG administration to evaluate PR interval prolongation in response to elevated estradiol levels. | Approximately 8-12 days |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Undergoing IVF treatment at Konya City Hospital between December 2024 and January 2025
No cardiac pathology based on cardiology consultation
Eligible for controlled ovarian stimulation using a short antagonist protocol
Provided informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- Age under 18 or over 40 years
Baseline estradiol level > 50 ng/L on day 2 of menstrual cycle
Presence of any known chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, rheumatologic disorders, thyroid disorders)
Use of any medications other than those used for IVF
Current smoker or alcohol user
Family history of cardiac disease or sudden cardiac death
Personal history of myocardial infarction, angina, heart failure, or any structural heart disease
History of cardiac surgery or coronary intervention
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Women aged 18 to 40 years undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment at the IVF Unit of Konya City Hospital. All participants were free of known cardiovascular or chronic systemic diseases and met the inclusion criteria for controlled ovarian stimulation.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dilay Gök Korucu, M.D. | Konya City Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Konya City Hospital | Konya | 42020 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41719160 | Derived | Savas B, Korucu DG, Gok G. The Effects of Supraphysiological Estrogen Levels Observed During In Vitro Fertilization Treatment on Cardiac Electrophysiology. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2026 Mar;31(2):e70160. doi: 10.1111/anec.70160. |
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