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All study group patients performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill. approved by the American College of Sports Medicine.
Both groups received a Mediterranean diet for 12 weeks tailored according to patients' caloric needs
All study group patients performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill approved by the American College of Sports Medicine. The program started with a warming-up phase through walking on a treadmill for 3-5 minutes at a slow speed. Then, 10-30 minutes of aerobic exercise training with moderate intensity (60-70% of maximum heart rate) and 10 minutes of cooling down with low speed and without inclination. Participants had 3 sessions/week for 3 months with close supervision of a physical therapist.
Both groups received a Mediterranean diet for 12 weeks tailored to patients' caloric needs. They received instructions about the consumption of olive oil as added lipid, the consumption of nuts and olives as snacks, daily high consumption of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, dairy products, bi-weekly consumption of legumes, bi-weekly consumption of fish, and monthly consumption of meat. The main beneficial components of the Mediterranean diet are monounsaturated fats such as oleic acid in olive oil, polyunsaturated fats such as omega-3, high amounts of flavonoids and antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables, and high amounts of fiber found mainly in foods with a low glycemic index
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| study group | Experimental | aerobic exercise program and Mediterranean diet |
|
| control group | Active Comparator | Mediterranean diet |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aerobic exercise program | Other | All study group patients performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill. approved by the American College of Sports Medicine. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Short Form Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36) | To measure the health related quality of life (HRQOL)in obese patient. SF-36 (version 2.0) is a 36-item measure of generic HRQOL in which 35 questions are transformed into eight dimensions; physical functioning, role limitation to physical problems, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitations to emotional problems, and mental health Scores on all eight dimensions range from zero to 100, where higher scores represent better HRQOL | 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Laboratory Measurements | After a 12-hour overnight fast, venous blood samples were collected from each participant in all participants before and after 12 weeks of treatment to measure, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, TG levels milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) measured in mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) ,C-reactive protein (CRP) measured in milligrams per liter (mg/L), and (ESR) was measured in millimeters per hour (mm/hr) and fasting serum insulin measured and reported in micro International Units per milliliter (uIU/mL) by commercially available kits. All samples were drawn between 8 and 10 a.m. for later analysis. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| mai salah, master | faculty of physical Cairo university | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Physical Therapy | Cairo | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D038441 | Diet, Mediterranean |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000095500 | Diet, Plant-Based |
| D004035 | Diet Therapy |
| D044623 | Nutrition Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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| Mediterranean diet | Other | received a Mediterranean diet for 12 weeks tailored according to patients caloric needs |
|
| 12 weeks |
| Blood Pressure Measures | Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured for each participant before and after 12 weeks of treatment | 12 weeks |
| body weight | Body weight was measured for each participant in kilograms | 12 weeks |
| height | body height was measured for each participant in meters | 12 weeks |
| waist and hip circumferences | waist and hip circumferences were measured for each participant in centimeter | 12 weeks |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D004032 |
| Diet |
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |