The Intervention Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Emohaa) and Individual Psychological Counseling on Emotional Distress in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The Intervention Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Emohaa) and Individual Psychological Counseling on Emotional Distress in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an AI-based mental health chatbot, Emohaa, in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and academic burnout among young adults experiencing emotional distress. A total of 222 participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) AI chatbot intervention, (2) traditional counseling, or (3) waitlist control. The study spans six time points from baseline through one-month follow-up. Primary and secondary outcomes will be measured via validated self-report questionnaires. The intervention is delivered entirely online through a WeChat-integrated platform, ensuring high accessibility and scalability.
This three-arm randomized controlled trial will investigate the efficacy of Emohaa, a generative artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbot designed to deliver empathetic conversational support to young adults experiencing emotional distress. The study will enroll 222 participants, randomly allocated (1:1:1) into one of the following arms:
AI Chatbot Group: Participants will interact weekly with Emohaa via a WeChat-integrated interface for 30-minute sessions over a 6-week period. The chatbot uses fine-tuned large language models to simulate emotionally supportive conversations and provide personalized, non-directive psychological support.
Traditional Counseling Group: Participants will receive six weekly sessions (face-to-face or remote) with trained counselors using structured, supportive counseling protocols derived from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
Waitlist Control Group: Participants will not receive any intervention during the study period but will be offered access to Emohaa after study completion.
Assessment Schedule and Outcome Measures
Data will be collected via Wenjuanxing online survey links at six time points:
T1: Baseline (before intervention)
T2: After session 2
T3: After session 4
T4: Post-intervention (after session 6)
T5: 2-week follow-up
T6: 1-month follow-up
All outcome measures are validated self-report instruments with established psychometric properties in Chinese populations.
Primary Outcomes (T1-T6) PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire for depressive symptoms
GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale
ISI: Insomnia Severity Index (7 items)
Academic Burnout Scale (6 items)
Secondary Outcomes (T1-T6) ERQ: Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (10 items)
Loneliness Scale (3 items)
IUS-12: Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale
PSS-10: Perceived Stress Scale
GESS: General Self-Efficacy Scale (10 items)
Additional Measures (T2-T6) CSQ-8: Client Satisfaction Questionnaire
DWAI: Digital Working Alliance Inventory
Data Quality and Collection Procedures All data will be collected electronically using Wenjuanxing (问卷星), which provides timestamped, secure survey distribution and response logging. Participants will receive automatic reminders prior to each time point. The data collection team will perform regular checks to detect and manage missing or inconsistent entries.
To ensure the reliability and validity of the data collection process:
All measurement instruments are widely used, psychometrically validated scales in Chinese.
Survey completion will be monitored in real time.
Study staff will be trained in participant guidance and data integrity monitoring procedures.
Duplicate entries will be flagged using participant ID and contact verification protocols.
Random audits and outlier checks will be conducted at each time point to ensure data quality.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria: