Testing the Effectiveness of AI Chatbots to Improve Public Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Depression

Effectiveness and Usability of AI-based Chatbots in Improving Depression Literacy, Attitudes Toward Depression, Help-Seeking Intentions, and Confidence in Helping Others: a Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to find out whether using AI Chatbots can help the public better understand depression, reduce negative attitudes towards it, and encourage more people to seek help when needed. The study will also explore whether the Chatbot can help individuals feel more confident in supporting others who might be experiencing depression.

Participants will be randomly assigned to either:

1. AI-PsyTeacher Group: Participants interact with the AI psychology teacher "Liran" to complete three progressive tasks (identifying depression symptoms, learning coping strategies, and understanding prevention). This group assesses the independent role of AI in mental health education.
2. AI-Integrated Intervention Group: Participants first learn with the AI psychology teacher "Liran" and then interact with the AI-simulated depressed patient "Beibei" to complete three tasks (identifying issues, teaching coping strategies, and creating a prevention plan). This group examines the combined effect of AI teaching and patient simulation.
3. Traditional Psychoeducation Group (Control): Participants gain depression-related knowledge by reading traditional educational materials and watching a first-person experience video. This group serves as the control to compare AI interventions.

Primary outcomes include changes in depression literacy, attitudes toward depression, help-seeking intentions, and confidence in helping others. The study aims to determine whether AI-driven interactive learning can improve public understanding and support for mental health.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adults aged 18 to 65.
2. General population, non-clinical individuals.
3. No history of diagnosed mental disorders or current mental health diagnosis.
4. Ability to complete AI interactions and related tasks via the internet or mobile devices.
5. Native Chinese speakers.
6. Willingness to participate in the study and sign an informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of mental disorders or self-reported current mental health issues.
2. Currently undergoing psychological counseling.
3. Inability to use mobile or internet devices properly.