Effectiveness of core stability exercises and general exercises in patients with low back pain

The study focuses on understanding core stability exercises and general exercises in patients with low back pain Low back pain (LBP) is an common state with a lifetime occurrence reported to be as high as about 80% . About 5-10% of patients have chronic pain (cLBP), responsible for high direct and indirect (lost production and lost household productivity) costs highly person suffering from disability

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adults (30-45 years)
2. Chronic low back pain (>3 months)
3. Pain intensity ≥ 4/10 on Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)
4. Ability to perform exercises
5. Willingness to participate and provide informed consent
6. No planned spinal surgery or injection within study duration

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Severe spinal pathology (fracture, tumor, infection)
2. Neurological deficits (numbness, weakness, paralysis)
3. Recent spinal surgery or injection (<6 months)
4. Pregnancy or breastfeeding
5. . Severe mental health conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety)

Musculoskeletal Conditions:

1. Severe osteoporosis
2. Spinal stenosis
3. Scoliosis
4. Recent musculoskeletal injury (<6 months)
5. Fibromyalgia or widespread pain syndr

this study follows an analytical research model designed effectiveness of core stability exercises and general exercises in patients with low back pain