Implementation of the 8-session parent study

Group where parental work was not implemented

Parents will be given an 8-session parent training program.

Session 1: Establishing a trusting relationship and informing them about the study Session 2: Informing parents about the cognitive development of 3-6 year old children Theme: Children learn with 'numbers/scales/amounts' Session 3: Parents being consistent in their approach to children Theme: Children learn with the all/or nothing rule Session 4: Reinforcing positive behaviors in children Theme: Children Learn Laterally Session 5: Parents being positive models Theme: Children Learn by Imitation Session 6: Guidance of parents on the principle of 'learning by doing and experiencing' Theme: Children Learn by Action Session 7: This is the last session. Session 8: Application of final tests and saying goodbye.

The "Preschool Behavior Questionnaire" developed by Behar (1976; Cited in Kanlıkılıçer, 2005) is a Likert-type scale used to determine the behavioral problems of preschool children. The scale was adapted to Turkish by Kanlıkılıçer, and the propositions in the scale were converted into questions and used. The original Turkish version of the "Preschool Behavior Problems Screening Scale" consists of 30 items. After the factor analysis conducted for this study, items with item loading values below .50 were removed, so 15 items were used. The highest score a child can get from the "Preschool Behavior Problems Screening Scale" is "30", and the lowest score is "0".

The "Parenting Stress Scale" was developed to measure the stress experienced by parents of children with normal developmental characteristics regarding parenting. The scale consists of 18 items and has a single-dimensional structure that includes the parent, parent-child relationship, and the characteristics of the child. The Parenting Stress Scale is a Likert-type measurement tool evaluated from 0 (Does not describe at all) to 4 (Describes very well). The range of scores that can be obtained from the scale is between 0-72, with higher scores indicating the level of parenting stress. The scale is a measurement tool that can be easily applied to parents with at least one child with a primary school education level or higher.

The Parental Attitude Scale was developed by Evren Karabulut Demir to measure the attitudes of parents with children aged 2 to 6 years, and its validity and reliability study was conducted in collaboration with Gül Erdil. The scale is designed to be applied to parents of children within this age range and consists of 46 items grouped under four subdimensions: Democratic, Authoritarian, Overprotective, and Permissive. The scale is structured in a 5-point Likert format, with each item offering five response options that vary based on frequency or degree of agreement. Participants are asked to indicate their level of agreement with each statement using the following options:

1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, and 5 = Strongly agree.

This Likert-type rating system allows for a quantitative evaluation of parental attitudes across the specified subdimensions. Some items are negatively worded and are therefore reverse-coded prior to analysis. Higher scores within ea