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This study examined the effect of trunk restraint on upper extremity functionality in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).The study included 66 MS patients over the age of 18 and 30 healthy individuals. Participants' upper extremity functions were assessed. Their trunks were then restrained and their upper extremity functions were assessed again. The patients' level of disability (EDSS), trunk control (Trunk Impairment Scale - TIS), upper extremity functionality (Nine Hole Peg Test- 9HPT), were evaluated.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Multiple Sclerosis | Experimental | Patients and healthy individuals first filled out the demographic and clinical information form. Then, the Trunk Impairment Scale was evaluated. Participants performed 9DPT with their trunks free and again with their trunks restrained. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trunk restraint | Other | Participants were seated in a chair with a standard sitting height of 26 centimeters. After completing the 9-Hole Peg Test with their trunks free on a table of appropriate height so that their trunks would not flexion, they were secured to the chair crosswise in front of their chest with the help of a non-elastic but firm enough belt that would not cause discomfort to the person. Participants completed the 9-DPT with their trunks constrained. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) | EDSS was used to determine the patients' level of disability. EDSS is most commonly used to assess the level of disability in persons with MS. In this scale pyramidal, cerebral, cerebellar, brainstem, visual and sensory subparameters are evaluated it consists of ordinal rating system ranging from 0 (normal neurological status) to 10 (death due to MS) in 0.5 increments interval (when reaching EDSS 1). The lower scale values of the EDSS measureimpairments based on the neurological examination, while the upper range of the scale (> EDSS 6) measures handicaps of patients with MS. The determination of EDSS 4 - 6 is heavily dependent on aspects of walking ability. | up to 6 weeks |
| Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) | This scale used to evaluate the trunk control of the participants, TIS contains static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance, and coordination. The total score of this scale is from 0 to 23 and a high score indicates better trunk control. The patients were placed in the standard sitting position for the test and the parameters were applied. Standart position is such that the knees are flexed at 90 degrees, without back support, with the hands and forearms on the thighs and the feet in contact with the ground. | up to 6 weeks |
| Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) | It is a short, standardized, quantitative test used to evaluate upper extremity function. In the test, patients are asked to pick up nine wooden pegs from a platform as quickly as possible and then place them back into the holes.In our study, the test was conducted twice for both the dominant and non-dominant hands, and the average completion time was recorded. | up to 6 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Güngör Beyza Özvar Şenöz, PhD | Yuksek Ihtisas University | Principal Investigator |
| Bilge Piri Çınar, Assoc. Prof. | Samsun University | Principal Investigator |
| Mustafa Açıkgöz, Assoc. Prof | Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University | Study Director |
| Nursena Ceylan | Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University | Principal Investigator |
| Arzucan Toksal Uçar | Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arzucan Toksal | Zonguldak | Turkey (Türkiye) | ||||
| Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
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MS patients and their age-matched healthy control group were evaluated.
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|
| Zonguldak |
| Turkey (Türkiye) |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |