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The determination of the periodontal phenotype is an essential part of the periodontal diagnostic process, which must guide not only treatment but also prognosis (Kim et al. 2020).
This determination is based on the clinical assessment of 3 individual variables: gingival height/thickness and alveolar bone cortical thickness. Although these anatomical characteristics are genetically determined, they are also influenced by numerous acquired, endogenous or exogenous factors that can act at a general and/or local level. The periodontal phenotype is therefore specific to an individual and its 3 components vary over time according to the dental sectors and sites of each individual. For example, the morphology of this phenotype varies according to whether the gingiva is thick or thin, high or reduced, and the bone cortex is thick or thin, with all possible combinations. Clinicians need to know the distribution of these different types of phenotypes, particularly in the aesthetic areas they are concerned with, in order to better identify the most fragile ones in the face of the multiple daily stresses to which the periodontium may be subjected: muscular force, dental plaque, oral hygiene manoeuvres, parafunctionality, dental procedures....
However, studies on the prevalence of the periodontal phenotype are limited and mainly concern Asian, Indian and American populations, with very few studies on European populations. Main objective: To assess the prevalence of periodontal phenotypes in the upper and lower incisors of French subjects, according to tooth type and at the individual level. Secondary objective: Identification of potential risk indicators in relation to the type of periodontal phenotype."
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of the gingival phenotype of the incisors in the upper and lower jaws | Other | Assessment of gingival thickness (Kan et al 2015) and keratinised tissue height of the incisors with UNC-15 peridontal probe (Hu-Freidy, USA) and clinical photography. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of gingival phenotypes (gingival thickness ) | Assessment of gingival thickness | At the inclusion |
| Prevalence of gingival phenotypes (keratinised tissue height) | Evaluation of keratinised tissue height of the lower and upper incisors with UNC-15 peridontal probe (mm) and clinical photography. | At the inclusion |
| Prevalence of gingival phenotypes (Photography) | Description of the gingiva | At the inclusion |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Associated risk indicators for thin gingival phenotype ( Clinical description) | Global description clinical multiples evaluations ( Age, gender, smoking habit, orthodontic background, oral hygiene habit, oral ventilation, dysfunction, facial typology, chin shape, visibility of vascularisation and root convexity through the gum, gingival récession (Cairo), freinal insertion and skin type). | At the inclusion |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Dental students at the university hospitals of Nice and Nancy (France)
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| :Sophie-Myriam D Dridi | Contact | 06 19 29 92 08 | s@chu-nice.fr | |
| :Carole Charavet | Contact | 06 78 11 97 70 | charavet.c@chu-nice.fr |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHU NICE | Nice | Alpes Maritimes | 06000 | France |
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| Associated risk indicators for thin gingival phenotype ( orthodontic and facial characteristics ) | Global description clinical evaluation based on photographs. | At the inclusion |