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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Umeå University | OTHER |
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The goal of this observational study is to compare the composition of the human gingiva in different gingival phenotypes. The main questions to answer are:
The participants were divided in two groups (thin and thick phenotype) and a biopsy of healthy gingiva was obtained from each one them. The biopsies were analyzed histologically and the collected data will be analyzed statistically in order to identify possible differences between the gingival phenotypes.
Healthy volunteers were assigned in one of two groups:
A full thickness sample of the oral mucosa of each one of the participants was collected under local anaesthesia. The sample had a rectangular shape, with a length of 4 millimeters and a width of 1 millimeter. It had a vertical orientation and it was expanding at the both sides of the mucogingival junction.
The oral mucosa samples were processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Staining with haematoxylin-eosin was performed in order to describe the tissue histologically and also calculate the total number of the cells it contained. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-Vimentin,anti-Cluster of Differentiation 68, anti-Ki-67 and anti-Smooth Muscle Actin antibodies was applied for the calculation of the numbers of fibroblasts, macrophages, Ki-67-positive cells and Smooth muscle actin positive cells respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed in order to determine the levels of expression of Collagen I, Collagen V, Elastin and Hyaluronic acid.
Whole slide images of the specimens were acquired with the use of the NanoZoomer 2.0HT (Hamamatsu Pho-tonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan). Cell counting will be performed automatically using an image analysis software (QuPath 3.0). The levels of molecular expression will be assessed with the use of the same software and will be expressed as a percentage of the area of the connective tissue that is occupied by the investigated molecules.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thin Phenotype | Participants with transparent free gingiva of the maxillary central incisor |
| |
| Thick Phenotype | Participants with non-transparent free gingiva of the maxillary central incisor |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Histological analysis | Diagnostic Test | Histological staining of gingival biopsies with haematoxylin-eosin. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cell density | The number of all types of cells per square millimeter of the connective tissue | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fibroblast Density | The number of fibroblasts per square millimeter of the connective tissue | Baseline |
| Macrophage Density | The number of macrophages per square millimeter of the connective tissue |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Keratinized tissue width | The length (millimeters) of the line that connects the mucogingival junction and the gingival margin, at the middle of the facial surface of the maxillary central incisor | Baseline |
| Gingival thickness |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Healthy volunteers referred to the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology of the Dental School of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sotiris Kalfas, Professor | Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aristotle University of Thessaloniki | Thessaloniki | Macedonia | 54124 | Greece |
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| Immunohistochemical analysis | Diagnostic Test | Immunohistochemical staining of gingival biopsies using anti-Vimentin, anti-Collagen I, anti-Collagen V, anti-Elastin, anti-Hyaluronic acid, anti-Smooth muscle actin, anti-Cluster of Differentiation 68 and anti-ki67 antibodies. |
|
| Baseline |
| Density of Ki-67-positive cells | The number of Ki-67-positive cells per square millimeter of the connective tissue | Baseline |
| Density of Smooth Muscle Actin positive cells | The number of Smooth Muscle Actin positive cells per square millimeter of the connective tissue | Baseline |
| Collagen I area ratio | The percentage of the area of the connective tissue which is occupied by Collagen I | Baseline |
| Collagen V area ratio | The percentage of the area of the connective tissue which is occupied by Collagen V | Baseline |
| Elastin area ratio | The percentage of the area of the connective tissue which is occupied by Elastin | Baseline |
| Hyaluronic acid area ratio | The percentage of the area of the connective tissue which is occupied by Hyaluronic acid | Baseline |
The thickness (millimeters) of the gingiva, measured with an ultrasonic biometer (PIROP Biometric scanner, ECHO-SON S.A., Poland) at the middle of the line that connects the mucogingival junction and the gingival margin, at the middle of the facial surface of the maxillary central incisor
| Baseline |