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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University Psychiatric Clinics Basel | NETWORK |
| Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland | UNKNOWN |
| Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland |
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The relevance of driving under the influence of cannabis is becoming increasingly important in the context of legalization. However, the measurement of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) blood concentration is an inadequate marker for assessing driving impairment. Currently, there is no reliable marker available for estimating the time of last cannabis inhalation, which would provide a promising tool for regulating driving under the influence of cannabis. This pilot study aims to explore potential biomarkers and factors that could approximate the timing of the last cannabis inhalation, with emphasis on the potential explanation of interindividual differences in THC pharmacokinetics and -dynamics. The results will assist future research aimed at improving the ability to distinguish between impaired and unimpaired cannabis users in road traffic. These findings are of significant importance for road safety and for society at large, as they may provide more objective markers for cannabis inhalation, thereby permitting a methodologically sound evaluation of driving under the influence of cannabis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabis group | Experimental |
| |
| Control group | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants will prepare their cannabis product ad libitum and inhale the prepared product as usual for a maximum of 15 minutes. | Drug | Participants will prepare and inhale their cannabis product ad libitum for a maximum of 15 minutes. Prior to inhaling cannabis (the baseline), and for three hours thereafter, biological samples (e.g., blood) will be collected. Participants will be asked to complete a series of questionnaires addressing their (subjective) neurocognitive function and well-being, as well as their self-rated driving ability and subjective cannabis effects. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quantification of phytochemicals in cannabis sativa (e.g. cannabinoids and flavonoids) and their metabolites in human whole blood samples. | Quantification of the blood concentration of cannabis sativa phytochemicals such as minor cannabinoids, cannabinoids, and flavonoids. Blood samples will be analyzed at baseline and several time-points (0, 10, 20, 60, 180) post consumption of cannabis. Concentrations will be reported as ng/mL whole blood. | 24 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Measurement of the expression levels of relevant genes e.g. cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) in whole blood samples by e.g. RT-PCR to evaluate especially their correlation with cannabinoid plasma levels, metabolism, and ph | 24 months | |
| Assessment of selected genetic polymorphisms in the genes known to interact with cannabinoids (i.e. CYP2C9, CYP2C19) by e.g. RT-PCR to evaluate their influence on cannabinoid plasma levels and the ability to predict cannabinoid metabolism and pharmaco |
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Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urs Duthaler, PhD | Contact | +41612673889 | canbiome-studie@unibas.ch |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insitute of forensic medicine | Recruiting | Basel | 4056 | Switzerland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31407526 | Background | Kraemer M, Madea B, Hess C. Detectability of various cannabinoids in plasma samples of cannabis users: Indicators of recent cannabis use? Drug Test Anal. 2019 Oct;11(10):1498-1506. doi: 10.1002/dta.2682. Epub 2019 Sep 1. | |
| 30250104 | Background | Berman P, Futoran K, Lewitus GM, Mukha D, Benami M, Shlomi T, Meiri D. A new ESI-LC/MS approach for comprehensive metabolic profiling of phytocannabinoids in Cannabis. Sci Rep. 2018 Sep 24;8(1):14280. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32651-4. |
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| Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland | UNKNOWN |
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| 24 months |
| Quantitation of biomarkers applicable to determine the activity of enzymes or transporters known to be involved in the handling of cannabinoids (e.g. 4-ß-hydroxycholesterol, Coproporphyrin I und Coproporphyrin III) | 24 months |
| Comparison of DNA methylation profiles on blood-derived DNA samples between regular and non-cannabis users by evaluating key CpG sites (e.g., in the MCU gene) that interplay with risk factors and mental health by e.g. targeted Illumina DNA methylation | 24 months |
| Analysis of the protein-bound and free fractions of the different cannabinoids and their metabolites using e.g. equilibrium dialysis or ultracentrifugation | 24 months |
| Targeted and untargeted analysis of endogenous biomarkers (e.g. endocannabinoids) using e.g. high-resolution mass-spectrometry | 24 months |
| Subjectively experienced effects of cannabis inhalation (e.g. subjective driving ability, psychological effects and well-being) assessed by questionnaires (e.g. VAS) | 24 months |
| The effects of cannabis inhalation on neurocognition by non-invasive, neurocognitive testing | 24 months |
| Self-reported mood as measured e.g. by the Bf-SR questionnaire. | 24 months |
| Usual reasons for cannabis use as measured e.g. by the Marijuana Motives Questionnaire (MMQ) | 24 months |
| Measurement of hormones and biomarkers involved in the regulation of fluid balance (e.g. plasma osmolality …) | 24 months |
| Measurement of hormones and biomarkers of the anterior and posterior pituitary gland (e.g., plasma oxytocin, neurophysin I, ACTH, TSH, prolactin …) | 24 months |
| 34806072 | Background | Manthey J, Freeman TP, Kilian C, Lopez-Pelayo H, Rehm J. Public health monitoring of cannabis use in Europe: prevalence of use, cannabis potency, and treatment rates. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021 Sep 24;10:100227. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100227. eCollection 2021 Nov. |
| 35080588 | Background | Marcotte TD, Umlauf A, Grelotti DJ, Sones EG, Sobolesky PM, Smith BE, Hoffman MA, Hubbard JA, Severson J, Huestis MA, Grant I, Fitzgerald RL. Driving Performance and Cannabis Users' Perception of Safety: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 1;79(3):201-209. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.4037. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002189 | Marijuana Abuse |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019966 | Substance-Related Disorders |
| D064419 | Chemically-Induced Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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