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Co-administration of cannabis and tobacco is a common practice, but there is little experimental evidence aimed at understanding the reasons for this prevalence. Some preliminary evidence suggests that tobacco may actually counteract the cognitive-impairing effects of cannabis, and may also increase the subjective ('liking') effects of cannabis, but results are inconclusive. Further, there are no studies into the effects of tobacco on other cannabis-related harms such as driving, or on the ability of tobacco to alter the blood levels of THC, the chemical responsible for the psychoactive properties of cannabis. The purpose of the present study will be to evaluate the effects of tobacco, cannabis or combinations of tobacco and cannabis on driving, cognition, subjective effects and blood THC. Driving will be assessed using a state-of-the-art driving simulator that allows for the safe and objective measurement of the effects of intoxicating substances on driving. Participants will be regular users of cannabis and will be invited to the lab for four counterbalanced test sessions. In these test sessions they will drive the simulator and undergo cognitive tests before and after smoking: 1) cannabis; 2) tobacco; 3) cannabis + tobacco; or 4) placebo. Outcomes will be measured at several time points after smoking the product. Participants will also give blood for determination of levels of THC, and will complete subjective effects questionnaires both before and after smoking the cigarette. This study will be one of the first experimental laboratory studies of the reasons behind co-administration of tobacco and cannabis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Other | A cigarette containing placebo cannabis and placebo tobacco |
|
| Tobacco | Other | A cigarette with placebo cannabis and active tobacco |
|
| Cannabis | Other | A cigarette with active cannabis and placebo tobacco |
|
| Tobacco and cannabis | Other | A cigarette with active cannabis and active tobacco |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabis | Drug | Dried flower cannabis cigarette with 22% THC |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Standard deviation of lateral position | car 'weaving' | baseline |
| Standard deviation of lateral position | car 'weaving' | 15 minutes post smoking |
| Standard deviation of lateral position | car 'weaving' | 180 minutes post smoking |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Speed | Speed (in km) of the car | baseline |
| Speed | Speed (in km) of the car | 15 minutes post smoking |
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Inclusion Criteria:
• Adults aged 19 years to 45 years (to control for the effects of age on cognition)
Exclusion Criteria:
• Use of psychoactive medications or drugs
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patricia Di Ciano | Contact | 416-535-8501 | 34002 | patricia.diciano@camh.ca |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centre for Addiction and Mental Health | Recruiting | Toronto | Ontario | M5T 1R8 | Canada |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000066448 | Driving Under the Influence |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000066479 | Criminal Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D003617 | Dangerous Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C587251 | nabiximols |
| D062789 | Tobacco Products |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000074602 | Smoking Devices |
| D008420 | Manufactured Materials |
| D013676 | Technology, Industry, and Agriculture |
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| Tobacco |
| Drug |
Dried flower cigarette with active nicotine |
|
| Cannabis tobacco | Drug | Dried flower cigarette with active nicotine and cannabis |
|
| Placebo | Drug | Dried flower cigarette with both placebo tobacco and cannabis |
|
| Speed | Speed (in km) of the car | 180 minutes post smoking |
| Reaction time | Time to hit the brake after introduction of an obstacle | baseline |
| Reaction time | Time to hit the brake after introduction of an obstacle | 15 minutes post smoking |
| Reaction time | Time to hit the brake after introduction of an obstacle | 180 minutes post smoking |
| Collisions | number of times the car hit an obstacle | baseline |
| Collisions | number of times the car hit an obstacle | 15 minutes post smoking |
| Collisions | number of times the car hit an obstacle | 180 minutes post smoking |
| Concentration of THC (ng/ml) | Psychoactive component of cannabis | Baseline |
| Concentration of THC (ng/ml) | Psychoactive component of cannabis | 15 minutes post smoking |
| Useful Field of View Processing Speed | Mean threshold for discriminating stimuli presented in central vision | baseline |
| Useful Field of View Processing Speed | Mean threshold for discriminating stimuli presented in central vision | 60 minutes post smoking |
| Useful Field of View Processing Speed | Mean threshold for discriminating stimuli presented in central vision | 210 minutes post smoking |
| Useful Field of View Divided attention | Mean threshold for discriminating stimuli presented in central vision, with a concurrent perpheral target task | baseline |
| Useful Field of View Divided attention | Mean threshold for discriminating stimuli presented in central vision, with a concurrent perpheral target task | 60 minutes |
| Useful Field of View Divided attention | Mean threshold for discriminating stimuli presented in central vision, with a concurrent perpheral target task | 210 minutes |
| Useful Field of View Selective attention | Mean threshold for divided attention but with distractors | baseline |
| Useful Field of View Selective attention | Mean threshold for divided attention but with distractors | 60 minutes |
| Useful Field of View Selective attention | Mean threshold for divided attention but with distractors | 210 minutes |
| Trail making task | Cognitive assessment | baseline |
| Trail making task | Cognitive assessment | 60 minutes post smoking |
| Trail making task | Cognitive assessment | 210 minutes post smoking |
| Verbal free recall | Test of memory | baseline |
| Verbal free recall | Test of memory | 60 minutes post smoking |
| Verbal free recall | Test of memory | 210 minutes post smoking |
| Addiction Research Centre Inventory | Test of mood with 53 true-false questions that are summed to produce a measure of the intensity of mood, with higher scores reflecting greater mood | baseline |
| Addiction Research Centre Inventory | Test of mood with 53 true-false questions that are summed to produce a measure of the intensity of mood, with higher scores reflecting greater mood | 60 minutes post smoking |
| Addiction Research Centre Inventory | Test of mood with 53 true-false questions that are summed to produce a measure of the intensity of mood, with higher scores reflecting greater mood | 210 minutes post smoking |
| Profile of Mood States | Test of mood with 76 items with a five point scale that are summed to produce a measure of the intensity of mood, with higher scores indicating more agreemen | baseline |
| Profile of Mood States | Test of mood with 76 items with a five point scale that are summed to produce a measure of the intensity of mood, with higher scores indicating more agreemen | 60 minutes post smoking |
| Profile of Mood States | Test of mood with 76 items with a five point scale that are summed to produce a measure of the intensity of mood, with higher scores indicating more agreemen | 210 minutes post smoking |
| Visual Analog Scale | test of mood on a scale from 0 to 100, with greater number indicating more agreement | baseline |
| Visual Analog Scale | test of mood on a scale from 0 to 100, with greater number indicating more agreement | 15 minutes post smoking |
| Visual Analog Scale | test of mood on a scale from 0 to 100, with greater number indicating more agreement | 60 minutes post smoking |
| Visual Analog Scale | test of mood on a scale from 0 to 100, with greater number indicating more agreement | 120 minutes post smoking |
| Visual Analog Scale | test of mood on a scale from 0 to 100, with greater number indicating more agreement | 180 minutes post smoking |
| Visual Analog Scale | test of mood on a scale from 0 to 100, with greater number indicating more agreement | 240 minutes post smoking |
| Visual Analog Scale | test of mood on a scale from 0 to 100, with greater number indicating more agreement | 300 minutes post smoking |