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Epidemiological studies have established a link between collisions while driving and cannabis use. With the changing legal landscape around cannabis, there is much interest in determining per se limits of cannabis while driving. The present study will evaluate driving on a driving simulator after smoking placebo or cannabis with 3 different levels of THC. THC is the active component in cannabis and blood, urine and oral fluid levels of THC will be correlated with driving impairment.
Participants will attend the laboratory for 4 separate sessions, separated by about a week. In each session, participants will receive one of 3 doses of smoked cannabis or a placebo. Participants will not know which dose they are receiving. Participants will complete questionnaires, do cognitive tests and drive on a driving simulator before and after smoking the cannabis or placebo cigarette. Blood, urine and oral fluid will be collected throughout the 7-8 hour session to determine levels of THC and its metabolites. These values will be correlated with measures of driving impairment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Participants will smoke a single smoked placebo (<0.1% THC) cannabis cigarette |
|
| low dose | Active Comparator | Participants will smoke a single low dose (6.25% THC) of smoked cannabis cigarette |
|
| middle dose | Active Comparator | Participants will smoke a single intermediate dose (12.5% THC) of smoked cannabis cigarette |
|
| high dose | Active Comparator | Participants will smoke a single high dose (22% THC) of smoked cannabis cigarette |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabis | Drug | Participants will smoke as much of the cigarette as they wish |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean speed | Speed of driving the simulator | Change in speed of driving between the time before smoking the cigarette and either 30 or 90 minutes after smoking the cigarette |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Standard deviation of lateral position | Driving measures | Change in measure from before smoking the cigarette to either 30 or 90 minutes after smoking |
| reaction time | Driving measures |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bruna Brands, PhD | Centre for Addiction and Mental Health | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Center for Addiction and Mental Health | Toronto | Ontario | M5S 2S1 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41807521 | Derived | Brands B, Zaweel A, Wright M, Di Ciano P, Wickens CM, Matheson J, Fares A, Hasan OSM, Sanches M, Sproule B, Huestis MA, Brown TL, Le Foll B. Potency-related effects of smoked cannabis on simulated driving performance: a randomized, controlled crossover trial. Sci Rep. 2026 Mar 10;16(1):12961. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-43045-2. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| D002189 | Marijuana Abuse |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D019966 | Substance-Related Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C587251 | nabiximols |
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This will be a within-subjects, counterbalanced, placebo-controlled study of placebo or 3 doses of cannabis
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| Placebo | Drug | Participants will smoke a placebo cigarette |
|
| Change in measure from before smoking the cigarette to either 30 or 90 minutes after smoking |
| Blood concentrations of THC and metabolites | Blood will be taken to determine how much THC entered the blood | Change from before smoking cigarette to various time points after smoking: 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 2hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours and 6 hours |
| Oral fluid concentrations of THC and metabolites | Participants will provide oral fluid to determine how much THC is in the oral fluid | Change from levels before smoking to 4 time points after smoking: 30 minutes, 90 minutes, 2 hours and 6 hours |
| Systolic and Diastolic Blood pressure | Vital signs | Change from before smoking to a number of time points after smoking: 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 2hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours and 6 hours |
| Heart rate | Vital signs | Change from before smoking to a number of time points after smoking: 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 2hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours and 6 hours |
| Respirations | Vital signs | Change from before smoking to a number of time points after smoking: 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 2hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours and 6 hours |
| Temperature | Vital signs | Change from before smoking to a number of time points after smoking: 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 2hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours and 6 hours |
| Visual Analog Scales | Tests designed to assess the degree of subjective effects of the drug. The questions will be scored on a scale from 0 to 100 and will consist of: 'I like this drug effect', 'this feels like cannabis', 'I feel this effect', 'I feel this high', 'I feel the good effects', 'I feel the bad effects', 'I feel the rush' | Change from before smoking to a number of time points after smoking: 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 2hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours and 6 hours |
| Verbal free recall test | Test of memory: Participants will be asked to recall words that are read from a list | Change from pre-smoking levels to those observed 60 minutes after smoking |
| Useful field of view | A computer test for visual processing speed, selective and divided attention | Change from pre-smoking levels to those observed 60 minutes after smoking |
| D064419 | Chemically-Induced Disorders |