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Objective: To determine the effect of low-dose ketamine versus lignocaine on post-operative pain in patients undergoing LC under general anesthesia in a tertiary care hospital.
Sample Selection: Patients of both the gender of age at least 18 years, planned for elective LC with ASA grade I-II were included. Patients with obesity, history of alcohol consumptions, drug abusers, uncontrolled hypertension and diabetics, with chronic pain, allergic to study drugs, having neurological disorders, unable to understand pain scoring system and converted to open LC were excluded.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group L | Active Comparator | Just before the skin incision intravenous lignocaine was given. |
|
| Group K | Experimental | Just before the skin incision, intravenous ketamine was given |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous Ketamine Infusions | Drug | Ketamine group received ketamine at 0.2mg/kg bolus intravenously followed by ketamine infusion at rate of 0.2mg/kg/hr throughout the surgery. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Post operative Pain | Pain was assessed using Numeric Rating Scale which is a ten point scoring scale ranging from 0-10 for ranking pain where 0 means no and 10 means worst pain. | 24 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time to rescue analgesia | Time to rescue analgesia was defined as time point at which patient will be given first rescue analgesia for pain of score more 5 or above. | 24 hours |
| Wound Closure | The time between the incision and the wound's closure was used to define the length of the surgery. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College | Karachi | Sindh | 75510 | Pakistan |
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| Intravenous lignocaine | Drug | IV Lignocaine was given at the rate of 1 mg/kg/hr. |
|
| End of Surgery |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002769 | Cholelithiasis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001660 | Biliary Tract Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
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