Experimental - McKenzie Technique (Group A) Intervention Type: Physical Therapy Intervention Name: McKenzie Extension Exercises

Description:

This group will receive McKenzie-based physical therapy including postural correction, prone lying, prone on elbows, prone press-ups (3×10), soft tissue mobilization (5-10 mins), lumbar mobilization (PA glide, side-lying rotations), METs (pelvic tilts, hip flexor stretch), core exercises (bridge, dead bug), plus hot pack (15-20 mins) and TENS (10 mins) before and after therapy.

Physical Therapy Intervention Name: Manual Therapy and Exercises

Description:

Participants will receive soft tissue mobilization, lumbar mobilization (PA glide, side-lying rotations), METs (pelvic tilts, hip flexor stretch), core exercises (bridge, dead bug), general stretching, hot pack (15-20 mins), and TENS (10 mins) before mobilization. No McKenzie techniques will be applied.

Experimental - McKenzie Technique (Group A) Intervention Type: Other: Physical Therapy Exercises

Other Names:

Intervention for low back pain

Description:

Soft Tissue Mobilization: Manual massage to release muscle tension (5-10 mins)

Lumbar Mobilization Techniques:

PA Mobilization (Posteroanterior glide) on the lumbar spine (Grade I-IV, 3-5 min per segment)

Side-lying Rotational Mobilization (3 sets × 10 reps)

Muscle Energy Techniques (METs):

Pelvic Tilts (3 sets × 10 reps)

Hip Flexor Stretch with Isometric Hold (3 sets × 10 sec per side)

Core Stabilization Exercises:

Bridge Exercise (3 sets × 10-15 reps)

Dead Bug Exercise (3 sets × 10 reps per side)

Modalities:

Hot Pack (15-20 mins) for relaxation before therapy

TENS (10 mins) for pain relief before mobilization

Pain intensity will be measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a 10-centimeter scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst imaginable pain. Higher scores represent worse outcomes. Pain levels will be assessed from baseline to the end of the intervention period.

Disability will be assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), a 0-100 scale, to evaluate the degree of functional limitation in daily activities.

Range of motion will be evaluated using goniometric measurements to assess changes in lumbar flexion and extension.