Binaural hearing involves combining auditory information across the ears. With binaural hearing, listeners benefit from perceiving sounds from different spatial locations. This is critical in solving the "cocktail party problem" (i.e., understanding speech in the presence of competing background sounds and noise). As humans get older, hearing loss increases, binaural abilities decrease, and the cocktail party problem becomes increasingly difficult. This research studies the mechanisms underlying the impact of age and hearing loss on speech-perception in noise and cocktail-party listening situations. More specifically, the role of hearing asymmetries between the ears is investigated. The specific aims are to generate an audiological and binaural-hearing-focused dataset for a large cohort of participants that vary in hearing asymmetry, age, and hearing loss and to use machine learning to uncover complex associations and generate novel hypotheses relating audiometric variables and basic binaural-hearing abilities to the cocktail-party problem. Participants in this research will complete perceptual measures of hearing acuity and spatial hearing. Participants will also report on speech understanding under noisy and challenging listening conditions. This research may lead to improvements in audiological care and hearing interventions.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults (18-80 years)
• No hearing asymmetry between ears (≤10 dB at any frequency) or, hearing asymmetry between ears >10 dB
• Native English speakers
• Primarily use oral language
• Sufficient corrected or uncorrected visual acuity (20/50 or better) to read large-font text

Exclusion Criteria:

• Acoustic tone-detection threshold >50 dB HL at any octave frequency (250-4000 Hz) in either ear (i.e., more than a moderate hearing loss)
• History of neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease) determined by self-report
• History of post-traumatic stress disorder or traumatic brain injury determined by self-report
• Possibility of acoustic neuroma, hearing asymmetry (>10 dB at three consecutive audiometric threshold frequencies)
• Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score <22/30
• No oral language use
• Cochlear implant user
• Conductive hearing loss

De-identified data that document, support, and validate research findings will be made available when the main findings have been accepted for publication. De-identified data relevant to the project will be disseminated to researchers on and off-campus by request and review of the PI.

After publication, research products from this project will be archived at the Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (DRUM) (unless a more appropriate facility can be identified). DRUM is a long-term, open access repository managed and maintained by the University of Maryland Libraries. Researchers and the general public can download data and code files, associated metadata and documentation, and any guidelines for reuse.

Following publication, available for at least seven years.

Investigators whose proposed use of the data has been approved by an independent review committee.