This study aimed to compare intraarticular ozone injection, prolotherapy, or dexmedetomidine effectiveness in knee osteoarthritis patients.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders of different etiologies with similar biological, morphological, and clinical manifestations and outcomes. The intraarticular injection has been recommended to alleviate the pain in the knee joint.

Ozone therapy has long been used in the management of OA. Furthermore, it has been shown to not cause a significant inflammation process or cartilage degradation. Prolotherapy is a procedure where a natural irritant is injected into the soft tissue of an injured joint. Dexmedetomidine is a selective α2-adrenergic agonist with considerable sedative and analgesic actions.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age from 30 to 65 years.
• Both genders.
• Patients diagnosed with stage 1-3 osteoarthritis according to the Kellgren-Lawrence Classification System (K-L).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient refusal.
• History of knee trauma within the past month.
• Rheumatic disease.
• Pregnancy.
• Any surgical intervention of the knee.
• Severe cardiovascular disease.
• Morbid obese patients (body mass index (BMI) of >35 kg/m2).
• Local infection at the site of injection.
• Bleeding diathesis.

The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author after the end of study for one year.

After the end of study for one year.

The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author.