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This RCT will seek to determine both the Pilates core stabilization and plyometric shoulder training on LBP in fast bowlers. The research problem will emphasize the absence of detailed rehabilitation protocols that address the upper and lower limb strength dysfunction, pain, quality of life, and biomechanics of fast bowlers. Prior literature has not examined the combined use of these two training interventions to address LBP, which affects the performance of fast bowlers. In this study, participants will be randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (experimental) will receive Pilates core stabilization and plyometric shoulder training, while Group B (control) will receive conventional physiotherapy for LBP. There will be two sessions per week for six weeks, and the intensity of the exercises will gradually increase to address athletes' strength, flexibility, and movement control.
Assessments will be conducted using multiple scales of upper limb strength for the Cricket Ball Throw Test, lower limb strength for the Vertical Jump Test, Quality of Life for the Oswestry Disability Index, biomechanics analysis to determine movement efficiency and Pain Intensity for Numeric Pain Rating Scale. This study will give information about the efficiency of adding core and shoulder training to managing LBP in fast bowlers, increasing their athletic performance and bringing helpful value to the sports and physiotherapy domain.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental |
| |
| Control Group | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group (training and stabilization) | Diagnostic Test | Plyometric Shoulder Training [28] and Pilates Core Stabilization [27] Exercise 1-2 weeks (rep × kg) 3-4 weeks (rep × kg) 5-6 weeks (rep × kg) Throwing Movements Medicine ball chest pass 8 × 1 kg 10 × 2 kg 12 × 3 kg Medicine ball step and pass 8 × 1 kg 10 × 2 kg 12 × 3 kg Medicine ball side throw 8 × 1 kg 10 × 2 kg 12 × 3 kg Tubing Plyos IR/ER 8 × 10 10 × 10 12 × 12 Tubing Plyos Diagonal 8 × 10 10 × 10 12 × 12 Tubing Plyos Biceps 8 × 10 10 × 10 12 × 12 Plyo Push-ups (boxes) 8 × 10 10 × 10 12 × 12 Push-ups (clappers) 8 × 10 10 × 10 12 × 12 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| NPRS (Numeric Pain Rating Scale) | The NPRS denotes pain severity on a whole-number scale, ranging from 0 to 10, with 0 meaning no pain at all and 10 signifying the worst pain one has ever experienced. A lower score on the scale indicates a reduced level of pain as perceived by the patients having ICC 0.95. | 12 Months |
| CBTT (Cricket Ball Throw Test) | This test evaluates upper limb strength and coordination by documenting the distance a cricket ball attained (in meters). More separation suggests better strength of the upper limbs and better place and movement of the limbs with ICC: 0.92. | 12 months |
| VJT (Vertical Jump Test) | The VJT quantifies lower limb explosive power by only assessing the vertical jump height expressed in centimeters. Higher values denote better control of the lower extremities with ICC 0.95. | 12 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pakistan Cricket Board | Lahore | Punjab Province | Pakistan |
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| Control Group (physiotherapy and exercise) | Combination Product | Physiotherapy Care for Low Back Pain [30] Exercise Week 1-2 (Sets x Reps/Duration) Week 3-4 (Sets x Reps/Duration) Week 5-6 (Sets x Reps/Duration) Plank 3 x 20 sec 3 x 30 sec 4 x 45 sec Bicycle Crunches 3 x 12 3 x 15 4 x 20-25 Leg Raises 3 x 12 3 x 15 4 x 20-25 Russian Twists 3 x 20 3 x 25 4 x 30-35 Slump Exercise 3 x 10 3 x 12 4 x 15-18 Bridge Exercise with Swiss Ball 3 x 12 3 x 15 4 x 18 |
|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017116 | Low Back Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001416 | Back Pain |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
| D008722 | Methods |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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