In the trial, the group is anticipated to enroll 20 patients with post-stroke balance dysfunction for iTBS cerebellar stimulation.At the outset of enrollment (T0 phase), peripheral blood and saliva samples must be obtained to assess HPA axis-related indicators and to evaluate brain networks using TMS. Following the 15-day treatment period (T1 phase), the aforementioned blood samples will be collected once more for further testing. Furthermore, any adverse events will be documented, encompassing secondary cardiovascular events, epilepsy, and mortality outcomes.

In the trial, the group is anticipated to enroll 20 patients with post-stroke balance dysfunction for iTBS Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex stimulation.At the outset of enrollment (T0 phase), peripheral blood and saliva samples must be obtained to assess HPA axis-related indicators and to evaluate brain networks using TMS. Following the 15-day treatment period (T1 phase), the aforementioned blood samples will be collected once more for further testing. Furthermore, any adverse events will be documented, encompassing secondary cardiovascular events, epilepsy, and mortality outcomes.

In the trial, the group is anticipated to enroll 20 patients with post-stroke balance dysfunction for iTBS Primary Motor Cortex stimulation.At the outset of enrollment (T0 phase), peripheral blood and saliva samples must be obtained to assess HPA axis-related indicators and to evaluate brain networks using TMS. Following the 15-day treatment period (T1 phase), the aforementioned blood samples will be collected once more for further testing. Furthermore, any adverse events will be documented, encompassing secondary cardiovascular events, epilepsy, and mortality outcomes.

Sixty patients experiencing post-stroke negative emotions were recruited and categorized into groups based on their conditions. The group with post-stroke balance dysfunction underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) of the cerebellum, while the group with post-stroke cognitive dysfunction received iTBS stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the group with post-stroke motor dysfunction underwent iTBS stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1).The TMS stimulation protocol consisted of 20-minute sessions, five times a week, for a total of ten sessions, utilizing a figure-of-eight coil (model B9076, coil diameter 92 mm, manufactured by Yiruide Company in Wuhan, China, transcranial magnetic therapy device model NS5000). The stimulation intensity was set at 80% of the active motor threshold, with the coil positioned tangentially to the scalp and the handle oriented upwards.

Saliva samples were collected from stroke patients in each group post-iTBS intervention. These samples were analyzed using ELISA to quantify cortisol levels in saliva. The aim was to explore the impact of iTBS stimulation on various brain regions on the HPA axis. The concentration of cortisol in saliva is measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).

Plasma samples were collected from stroke patients in each group post-iTBS intervention. These samples were analyzed using ELISA to quantify ACTH levels in plasma. The aim was to explore the impact of iTBS stimulation on various brain regions on the HPA axis. The concentration of ACTH in plasma is measured in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL).

Plasma samples were collected from stroke patients in each group post-iTBS intervention. These samples were analyzed using ELISA to quantify cortisol levels in plasma. The aim was to explore the impact of iTBS stimulation on various brain regions on the HPA axis. The concentration of cortisol in plasma is measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).

The NIHSS ranges from 0 (no stroke symptoms) to 42 (most severe stroke), with higher scores indicating worse outcomes and lower scores indicating better outcomes.