The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if combining spinal and general anesthesia is better than general anesthesia alone for abdominal laparoscopic surgery in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Does combining spinal and general anesthesia provide better stability compared to general anesthesia alone during abdominal laparoscopic surgery? Does combining spinal and general anesthesia lead to less opioid consumption compared to general anesthesia alone for abdominal laparoscopic surgery?

Participants will:

Be randomized and allocated to either spinal and general anesthesia (combined) group vs general anesthesia (control) group In the combined group, participants will be given a spinal anesthesia followed by general anesthesia, compared to general anesthesia alone in the control group.

Inclusion Criteria:

• American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) 1-2
• BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2
• Adults (18-64 years old) who will undergo elective abdominal laparoscopic surgery (digestive surgery, gynecologic surgery or urologic surgery)
• Willing to participate in this study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cardiovascular disease (uncontrolled stage 2 hypertension, AV block, valvular heart disease, heart failure or arrythmia)
• Cerebrovascular disease (within < 3 months)
• Infection at the proposed site of spinal injection
• Coagulopathy
• Elevated intracranial pressure
• Severe kidney or liver dysfunction

Drop out criteria:

• Anesthesia duration > 6 hours
• Intraoperative emergency
• Conversion to open laparotomy
• Spinal complications (shock, anaphylaxis, seizure or high spinal)
• Failed spinal (2 attempts)

The data may be available upon request if needed.