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The goal of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR)-based cognitive health education for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Taiwan. The study aims to assess whether VR-supported interventions improve cognitive health knowledge, health literacy, and self-management skills among participants.
The primary research questions are:
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups:
This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a Virtual Reality (VR)-based cognitive health education program for older adults in Taiwan who show signs of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The research seeks to determine whether VR-enhanced dementia prevention education increases dementia-related knowledge, health literacy, self-efficacy, and acceptance of dementia compared to a control group receiving standard health education without VR exposure and intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group (VR Dementia Prevention Education) | Experimental | Participants in this arm will take part in the VR Dementia Prevention Health Education Module, an immersive virtual reality (VR) intervention aimed at enhancing dementia-related knowledge, health literacy, self-efficacy, and attitudes toward dementia. The intervention combines 360-degree panoramic VR technology with interactive educational content to create a realistic and engaging learning experience for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). |
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| Control Group (No Intervention) | No Intervention | Participants in this arm will not receive any active intervention during the study. They will continue with their usual daily routine, without exposure to VR-based health education or any structured dementia-related educational programs. This group serves as a comparison to evaluate the effects of the VR Dementia Prevention Health Education Module administered to the experimental group. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VR Dementia Prevention Health Education Module | Behavioral | A virtual reality (VR) cognitive health education program designed to enhance knowledge related to dementia, improve health literacy, boost self-efficacy, and shape attitudes towards dementia. Participants engage with 360-degree immersive VR modules using VR headsets that simulate real-world scenarios related to dementia. The intervention comprises five interactive VR sessions, each addressing important topics in dementia prevention and management. Trained research staff will guide participants to ensure safe and effective interaction with the VR system. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Dementia-Related Knowledge | Dementia-related knowledge will be assessed using the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS), a validated tool for evaluating comprehensive understanding of dementia. The DKAS includes 25 true/false items and provides an additional "Don't Know" response option to reduce guessing. | Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects) |
| Change in Health Literacy | Health literacy concerning dementia prevention will be evaluated using the Dementia Health Literacy Scale (DHLS). The DHLS includes 20 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). This scale features three subdomains: Functional Health Literacy (8 items) - Evaluates the ability to manage dementia-related information for daily needs; Communicative Health Literacy (5 items) - Assesses skills in accessing, understanding, and applying dementia-related health information during interactions; and Critical Health Literacy (7 items) - Gauges higher-order cognitive skills and the ability to critically analyze dementia-related health information. | Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Self-Efficacy Related to Dementia Prevention | Self-efficacy will be assessed using the Dementia-Related Self-Efficacy Scale (DSES), which has been adapted from existing self-efficacy measures and validated through expert review and pilot testing. The scale comprises 6 items, rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). | Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Taiwan Normal University | Taipei | Taiwan |
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| Change in Attitudes Toward Dementia | Attitudes toward dementia will be evaluated using the Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS), which has been adapted from the Attitudes Toward Dementia Scale (ATDS) and refined through expert review and pilot testing. The scale is made up of 10 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 means "strongly disagree" and 5 means "strongly agree." | Baseline (Day 0, prior to intervention start) Immediate Post-Intervention (Day 0, following completion of the VR session, approximately 2 hours after Baseline assessment) Follow-up (Month 3, 12 weeks post-intervention, to assess retention effects) |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| D003704 | Dementia |
| D006266 | Health Education |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D000099060 | Adherence Interventions |
| D055118 | Medication Adherence |
| D010349 | Patient Compliance |
| D010342 | Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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