Usage of modalities like hot pack & TENS along with certain exercises mentioned in the following:

1. Superman Exercise (Prone position, lift chest off ground, arms extended)
2. Prone Arm and Leg Raise (Prone, lift opposite arm & leg)
3. Seated Row (Resistance Band) (Pull band towards chest)
4. Wall Angels (Standing against wall, moving arms up/down)

Usage of modalities like hot pack & TENS along with certain exercises mentioned in the following:

1. Side Plank (Side-lying, lift hips while maintaining straight posture)
2. Dead Bug Exercise (Supine, extend opposite arm & leg)
3. Bridging Exercise (Supine, lift hips to straight line)
4. Bird-Dog Exercise (Quadruped, extend opposite arm & leg)

1. Superman Exercise Sets/Reps: 2 sets × 10-12 reps, hold 5-10 sec
2. Prone Arm and Leg Raise Sets/Reps: 2 sets × 10-12 reps, hold 5-10 sec
3. Seated Row (Resistance Band) Sets/Reps: 2 sets × 12-15 reps, hold 3-5 sec
4. Wall Angels Sets/Reps: 2 sets × 10-12 reps, 3-5 sec per cycle

A 10 cm horizontal line with "No Pain" (0) on the left and "Worst Pain" (10) on the right. Patients mark their pain level on the scale before and after interventions to assess changes. Test-Retest Reliability: The VAS shows high test-retest reliability, especially in literate populations (r = 0.94), indicating stable pain scores over time when used with the same individual. Validity effectively captures the full spectrum of pain intensity, making it a valid tool for assessing the pain experience of thoracic kyphosis patients.

The inclinometer has demonstrated good test-retest reliability, with high correlation (r = 0.90) in measuring range of motion (ROM) over time when used consistently on the same patient.The inclinometer accurately measures thoracic spine mobility and is considered a valid tool for assessing movement restriction or improvement in patients with thoracic kyphosis.

It is effective in identifying postural deformities and the severity of thoracic kyphosis. The Matthias Test has demonstrated good inter-rater reliability.

The Oswestry Disability Index (also known as the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire) is an extremely important tool that researchers and disability evaluators use to measure a patient's permanent functional disability.

The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire is most sensitive for patients with mild to moderate disability due to acute, sub-acute, or chronic low back pain.