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The proposed project addresses the goal of exploring preschooler's ability to recognize changes in feelings of hunger/satiety based on consuming a snack and a meal (lunch/dinner) that are either based on the usual childcare center fare (control) or are based on lean meats (intervention), which will have a lower glycemic index.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Active Comparator | Diet modification: Low glycemic index diet Meal and snack are made with lean pork to reduce glycemic index of food consumed. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Typically consumed meal and snack; high glycemic index |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low glycemic index diet | Other | Replacement of typical meal/snack with lean pork containing meal/snack |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glycemic load of diet | Estimated intake of glycemic load of meals and snacks consumed. Plate-waste method will be used to calculate total energy, GI, GL consumed at each meal and snack using disaggregated intake (in grams) and analysis using Nutrient Data System for Research (NDS-R) software. | 6 study days |
| Hunger/Satiety self-reported on 4-point scale | Self-reported feelings of hunger or fullness using: 1 = Very hungry, 2 = A little hungry, 3 = A little full, 4 = Very full | 6 study days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure | Measured blood pressure 60 minutes after the meal. | 60 minutes after the meal. |
| Blood glucose | Blood glucose concentration 60 minutes after the meal. Measured using finger-stick and glucometer reading. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Parent participants:
Exclusion Criteria:
Parent participants:
- Dietary/religious preferences that exclude consumption of pork
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sibylle Kranz, PhD, RD | Contact | 434-924-7904 | sibylle.kranz@virginia.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Virginia | Recruiting | Charlottesville | Virginia | 22903 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36029824 | Background | Varley BJ, Nasir RF, Skilton MR, Craig ME, Gow ML. Early Life Determinants of Vascular Structure in Fetuses, Infants, Children, and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr. 2023 Jan;252:101-110.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.033. Epub 2022 Aug 24. | |
| 16022763 | Background | Mikkila V, Rasanen L, Raitakari OT, Pietinen P, Viikari J. Consistent dietary patterns identified from childhood to adulthood: the cardiovascular risk in Young Finns Study. Br J Nutr. 2005 Jun;93(6):923-31. doi: 10.1079/bjn20051418. |
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This is a small pilot and feasibility study and subjects may be identified if individual participant data is shared.
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| 6 study days |
| Executive function: focus and short-term memory | Using the "track-it" game, children respond to visual cues. | 6 study days |
| Executive function: memory and focus | Using KRISP, children respond to visual cues to assess focus and short-term memory | 6 study days |
| Executive Function: Focus and Concentration | Using the "peg it" game, children are asked to use a small wooden hammer to tab the table surface. First, they repeat how many tabs the researcher demonstrated (1 or 2), then they are asked to tab the opposite, so if the researcher tabs once, they tab twice and when the researcher tabs twice, they tab once. | 6 study days |
| Executive Function: Concentration | Using the happy-sad game, children sort small playing cards with happy or sad faces on them to align with the verbal cue of the researcher, or to put down the opposite card. | 6 study days |