Manual Diaphragmatic Release Technique on Exercise Capacity and Sleep Quality

Effect of Manual Diaphragmatic Release Technique on Exercise Capacity and Sleep Quality in Older Adults With Type II Diabetes: a Randomized Controlled Trial

To investigate if there is a significant effect of manual diaphragmatic release technique on exercise capacity, sleep quality, chest expansion, ADL, fatigue and quality of life in older adults with type II diabetes.

Participants, including both genders, will have a history of Diabetes Type II for more than one year. They will be well controlled with HbA1c≤7. Patients will be aged from 55 years and above and had a body mass index less than 30 kg/m². Patients will follow up on the training program and instructions. They will be medically stable.

Inclusion Criteria:

• History of Diabetes Type II for more than one year.
• They will be well controlled with HbA1c≤7.
• Patients will be aged from 55 years and above and had a body mass index less than 30 kg/m².
• Patients will follow up on the training program and instructions. They will be medically stable.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Chest diseases.
• Diaphragmatic hernia, clinical evidence of phrenic nerve injury, recent abdominal or thoracic surgery, or history of traumatic lesion possibly affecting diaphragm.
• History of Myocardial infarction and/or cardiothoracic surgery
• Unstable medical status.
• Cognitive disability hindering responding to the questionnaires.