In this study, we explored and validated the predictive value of the longitudinal monitoring model of urinary proteomics for postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and the predictive value of minimal residual disease (MRD) status, verified whether it is earlier than the recurrence suggested by imaging tests, and initially explored its clinical feasibility in guiding the adjuvant treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in the postoperative period, so as to provide a new idea for the strategy of early intervention in the postoperative period of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma whose tumor stage at the time of initial diagnosis is consistent with BCLC staging 0/stage A/stage B, who can undergo radical surgical resection, and who have not received other antitumor therapy preoperatively.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unable to provide specimens for testing such as urine proteomics; patients with a previous diagnosis of renal or urologic disease, two or more tumors at the same time; patients with non-primary foci of liver disease. Previously received anti-tumor therapy such as targeted immunotherapy.

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma whose tumor stage at the time of initial diagnosis is consistent with BCLC staging 0/stage A/stage B, who can undergo radical surgical resection, and who have not received other antitumor therapy preoperatively.